windows specific changes

added policy templates for module safety

.gitignore

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ build/
 
 .DS_Store
 build-ninja
+build-release

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -45,16 +45,18 @@ elseif(MSVC)
 endif()
 
 # Collect source files
-file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_RUNTIME_SOURCES "src/sources/runtime/*.cpp")
+file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_RUNTIME_SOURCES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "src/sources/runtime/*.cpp")
-file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_PARSING_SOURCES "src/sources/parsing/*.cpp")
+file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_PARSING_SOURCES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "src/sources/parsing/*.cpp")
-file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_STDLIB_SOURCES "src/sources/stdlib/*.cpp")
+file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_STDLIB_SOURCES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "src/sources/stdlib/*.cpp")
-file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_CLI_SOURCES "src/sources/cli/*.cpp")
+file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_BUILTIN_SOURCES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "src/sources/builtinModules/*.cpp")
+file(GLOB_RECURSE BOB_CLI_SOURCES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "src/sources/cli/*.cpp")
 
 # All source files
 set(BOB_ALL_SOURCES
     ${BOB_RUNTIME_SOURCES}
     ${BOB_PARSING_SOURCES}
     ${BOB_STDLIB_SOURCES}
+    ${BOB_BUILTIN_SOURCES}
     ${BOB_CLI_SOURCES}
 )
 
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ target_include_directories(bob PRIVATE
     src/headers/runtime
     src/headers/parsing
     src/headers/stdlib
+    src/headers/builtinModules
     src/headers/cli
     src/headers/common
 )

Reference/BOB_LANGUAGE_REFERENCE.md

@@ -233,19 +233,26 @@ toBoolean(1);       // true
 type(42);           // "number"
 ```
 
-### Arrays & Strings
+### Arrays, Strings, and Dictionaries: Method style (preferred)
 ```go
-len([1, 2, 3]);     // 3
+[1, 2, 3].len();          // 3
-len("hello");       // 5
+"hello".len();            // 5
-push(array, value); // Add to end
+var a = [1, 2]; a.push(3); // a is now [1, 2, 3]
-pop(array);         // Remove from end
+var v = a.pop();           // v == 3
+
+var d = {"a": 1, "b": 2};
+d.len();                   // 2
+d.keys();                  // ["a", "b"]
+d.values();                // [1, 2]
+d.has("a");               // true
 ```
 
-### Dictionaries
+Note: Global forms like `len(x)`, `push(arr, ...)`, `pop(arr)`, `keys(dict)`, `values(dict)`, `has(dict, key)` have been removed. Use method style.
+
+### Numbers
 ```go
-keys(dict);         // Array of keys
+toInt(3.9);        // 3 (global)
-values(dict);       // Array of values
+(3.9).toInt();     // 3 (method on number)
-has(dict, "key");   // Check if key exists
 ```
 
 ### Utility
@@ -253,7 +260,7 @@ has(dict, "key");   // Check if key exists
 assert(condition, "message");  // Testing
 time();                        // Current time in microseconds
 sleep(1.5);                   // Sleep for 1.5 seconds
-random();                     // Random number 0-1
+rand.random();                // Random number 0-1
 eval("print('Hello');");     // Execute string as code
 exit(0);                     // Exit program
 ```
@@ -266,8 +273,93 @@ var lines = readLines("config.txt");
 var exists = fileExists("test.txt");
 ```
 
+## Standard Library Reference
+
+The following built-ins are available by default. Unless specified, functions throw on invalid argument counts/types.
+
+- print(x): prints x with newline
+- printRaw(x): prints x without newline
+- input(prompt?): reads a line from stdin (optional prompt)
+- toString(x): returns string representation
+- toNumber(s): parses string to number or returns none
+- toInt(n): truncates number to integer
+- toBoolean(x): converts to boolean using truthiness rules
+- type(x): returns the type name as string
+- len(x) / x.len(): length of array/string/dict
+- push(arr, ...values) / arr.push(...values): appends values to array in place, returns arr
+- pop(arr) / arr.pop(): removes and returns last element
+- keys(dict) / dict.keys(): returns array of keys
+- values(dict) / dict.values(): returns array of values
+- has(dict, key) / dict.has(key): returns true if key exists
+- readFile(path): returns entire file contents as string
+- writeFile(path, content): writes content to file
+- readLines(path): returns array of lines
+- fileExists(path): boolean
+- time(): microseconds since Unix epoch
+- sleep(seconds): pauses execution
+- rand.random(): float in [0,1)
+- eval(code): executes code string in current environment
+- exit(code?): terminates the program
+
+Notes:
+- Arrays support properties: length, first, last, empty
+- Dicts support properties: length, empty, keys, values
+- Method-style builtins on arrays/strings/dicts are preferred; global forms remain for compatibility.
+
 ## Advanced Features
 
+### Classes (Phase 1)
+```go
+// Declare a class with fields and methods
+class Person {
+  var name;
+  var age;
+
+  // Methods can use implicit `this`
+  func setName(n) { this.name = n; }
+  func greet() { print("Hi, I'm " + this.name); }
+}
+
+// Construct via the class name
+var p = Person();
+p.setName("Bob");
+p.greet();
+
+// Fields are stored on the instance (a dictionary under the hood)
+p.age = 30;
+```
+
+Notes:
+- Instances are plain dictionaries; methods are shared functions placed on the instance.
+- On a property call like `obj.method(...)`, the interpreter injects `this = obj` into the call frame (no argument injection).
+- Taking a method reference and calling it later does not auto‑bind `this`; call via `obj.method(...)` when needed.
+
+### Extensions (Built‑ins and Classes)
+Extend existing types (including built‑ins) with new methods:
+
+```go
+extension array {
+  func sum() {
+    var i = 0; var s = 0;
+    while (i < len(this)) { s = s + this[i]; i = i + 1; }
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+extension dict { func size() { return len(this); } }
+extension string { func shout() { return toString(this) + "!"; } }
+extension any { func tag() { return "<" + type(this) + ">"; } }
+
+assert([1,2,3].sum() == 6);
+assert({"a":1,"b":2}.size() == 2);
+assert("hi".shout() == "hi!");
+assert(42.tag() == "<number>");
+```
+
+Notes:
+- Lookup order for `obj.method(...)`: instance dictionary → class extensions (for user classes) → built‑in extensions (string/array/dict) → `any`.
+- `this` is injected for property calls.
+
 ### String Interpolation
 ```go
 var name = "Alice";
@@ -349,7 +441,7 @@ var people = [
     {"name": "Bob", "age": 25}
 ];
 
-for (var i = 0; i < len(people); i = i + 1) {
+for (var i = 0; i < people.len(); i = i + 1) {
     var person = people[i];
     print(person["name"] + " is " + person["age"] + " years old");
 }
@@ -360,17 +452,17 @@ for (var i = 0; i < len(people); i = i + 1) {
 var lines = readLines("data.txt");
 var processed = [];
 
-for (var i = 0; i < len(lines); i = i + 1) {
+for (var i = 0; i < lines.len(); i = i + 1) {
     var line = lines[i];
-    if (len(line) > 0) {
+    if (line.len() > 0) {
-        push(processed, "Processed: " + line);
+        processed.push("Processed: " + line);
     }
 }
 
 var output = "";
-for (var i = 0; i < len(processed); i = i + 1) {
+for (var i = 0; i < processed.len(); i = i + 1) {
     output = output + processed[i];
-    if (i < len(processed) - 1) {
+    if (i < processed.len() - 1) {
         output = output + "\n";
     }
 }

Reference/EMBEDDING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+Embedding Bob: Public API Guide
+================================
+
+This document explains how to embed the Bob interpreter in your C++ application, register custom modules, and control sandbox policies.
+
+Quick Start
+-----------
+
+```cpp
+#include "cli/bob.h"
+#include "ModuleRegistry.h"
+
+int main() {
+  Bob bob;
+
+  // Optional: configure policies or modules before first use
+  bob.setBuiltinModulePolicy(true);                 // allow builtin modules (default)
+  bob.setBuiltinModuleDenyList({/* e.g., "sys" */});
+
+  // Register a custom builtin module called "demo"
+  bob.registerModule("demo", [](ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+    m.fn("hello", [](std::vector<Value> args, int, int) -> Value {
+      std::string who = (args.size() >= 1 && args[0].isString()) ? args[0].asString() : "world";
+      return Value(std::string("hello ") + who);
+    });
+    m.val("meaning", Value(42.0));
+  });
+
+  // Evaluate code from a string
+  bob.evalString("import demo; print(demo.hello(\"Bob\"));", "<host>");
+
+  // Evaluate a file (imports inside resolve relative to the file's directory)
+  bob.evalFile("script.bob");
+}
+```
+
+API Overview
+------------
+
+Bob exposes a single high-level object with a minimal, consistent API. It self-manages an internal interpreter and applies configuration on first use.
+
+- Program execution
+  - `bool evalString(const std::string& code, const std::string& filename = "<eval>")`
+  - `bool evalFile(const std::string& path)`
+  - `void runFile(const std::string& path)` (CLI convenience – delegates to `evalFile`)
+  - `void runPrompt()` (interactive CLI – delegates each line to `evalString`)
+
+- Module registration and sandboxing
+  - `void registerModule(const std::string& name, std::function<void(ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder&)> init)`
+  - `void setBuiltinModulePolicy(bool allow)`
+  - `void setBuiltinModuleAllowList(const std::vector<std::string>& allowed)`
+  - `void setBuiltinModuleDenyList(const std::vector<std::string>& denied)`
+
+- Global environment helpers
+  - `bool defineGlobal(const std::string& name, const Value& value)`
+  - `bool tryGetGlobal(const std::string& name, Value& out) const`
+
+All configuration calls are safe to use before any evaluation – they are queued and applied automatically when the interpreter is first created.
+
+Registering Custom Builtin Modules
+----------------------------------
+
+Use the builder convenience to create a module:
+
+```cpp
+bob.registerModule("raylib", [](ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+  m.fn("init", [](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int col) -> Value {
+    // call into your library here; validate args, return Value
+    return NONE_VALUE;
+  });
+  m.val("VERSION", Value(std::string("5.0")));
+});
+```
+
+At runtime:
+
+```bob
+import raylib;
+raylib.init();
+print(raylib.VERSION);
+```
+
+Notes
+-----
+
+- Modules are immutable, first-class objects. `type(module)` is "module" and `toString(module)` prints `<module 'name'>`.
+- Reassigning a module binding or setting module properties throws an error.
+
+Builtin Modules and Sandboxing
+------------------------------
+
+- Builtin modules (e.g., `sys`) are registered during interpreter construction.
+- File imports are always resolved relative to the importing file's directory.
+- Policies:
+  - `setBuiltinModulePolicy(bool allow)` – enable/disable all builtin modules.
+  - `setBuiltinModuleAllowList(vector<string>)` – allow only listed modules (deny others).
+  - `setBuiltinModuleDenyList(vector<string>)` – explicitly deny listed modules.
+- Denied/disabled modules are cloaked: `import name` reports "Module not found".
+
+Error Reporting
+---------------
+
+- `evalString`/`evalFile` set file context for error reporting so line/column references point to the real source.
+- Both return `true` on success and `false` if execution failed (errors are reported via the internal error reporter).
+
+CLI vs Embedding
+----------------
+
+- CLI builds include `main.cpp` (entry point), which uses `Bob::runFile` or `Bob::runPrompt`.
+- Embedded hosts do not use `main.cpp`; instead they instantiate `Bob` and call `evalString`/`evalFile` directly.
+
+
+

Reference/ROADMAP.md

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Bob is a mature, working programming language with a modern architecture and com
 - **Type System**: `type()`, `toString()`, `toNumber()`, `toInt()`, `toBoolean()`
 - **Testing**: `assert()` with custom error messages
 - **Timing**: `time()` (microsecond precision), `sleep()`
-- **Utility**: `random()` (properly seeded), `eval()`, `exit()`
+- **Utility**: `rand.random()` (properly seeded), `eval.eval()`, `sys.exit()`
 - **Data Structure**: `len()`, `push()`, `pop()`, `keys()`, `values()`, `has()`
 - **File I/O**: `readFile()`, `writeFile()`, `readLines()`, `fileExists()`
 

bob-language-extension/README.md

@@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ This extension provides syntax highlighting and language support for the Bob pro
 - Control flow: `if`, `else`, `while`, `for`, `break`, `continue`, `return`
 - Variable declaration: `var`
 - Function declaration: `func`
+- Classes and OOP: `class`, `extends`, `extension`, `this`, `super`
 - Logical operators: `and`, `or`, `not`
 
 ### Built-in Functions
-- `print()`, `assert()`, `input()`, `type()`, `toString()`, `toNumber()`, `time()`
+- `print()`, `assert()`, `input()`, `type()`, `toString()`, `toNumber()`, `toInt()`, `time()`, `sleep()`, `printRaw()`
-- `sleep()`, `printRaw()`, `len()`, `push()`, `pop()`, `random()`, `eval()`
+- Arrays/Dictionaries (preferred method style): `arr.len()`, `arr.push(...)`, `arr.pop()`, `dict.len()`, `dict.keys()`, `dict.values()`, `dict.has()`
+- Global forms still available: `len(x)`, `push(arr, ...)`, `pop(arr)`, `keys(dict)`, `values(dict)`, `has(dict, key)`
+- Misc: `rand.random()`, `eval.eval()`
 
 ### Data Types
 - Numbers (integers, floats, binary `0b1010`, hex `0xFF`)
@@ -92,9 +95,11 @@ Files with the `.bob` extension will automatically be recognized as Bob language
 var message = "Hello, Bob!";
 print(message);
 
-// Array operations
+// Array operations (method style)
 var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
-print("Array length: " + len(numbers));
+print("Array length: " + numbers.len());
+numbers.push(6);
+print("Popped: " + numbers.pop());
 print("First element: " + numbers[0]);
 
 // Function with ternary operator

bob-language-extension/example.bob

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ print("Pi: " + toString(pi));
 var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
 
-print("Array length: " + len(numbers));
+print("Array length: " + numbers.len());
 print("First element: " + numbers[0]);
 
 numbers[2] = 99;  // Array assignment
-push(numbers, 6); // Add element
+numbers.push(6); // Add element
-var lastElement = pop(numbers); // Remove and get last element
+var lastElement = numbers.pop(); // Remove and get last element
 
 // Function definition
 func factorial(n) {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ value *= 2;
 value -= 3;
 
 // New built-in functions
-var randomValue = random();
+import rand; var randomValue = rand.random();
 sleep(100);  // Sleep for 100ms
 printRaw("No newline here");
 eval("print('Dynamic code execution!');");

bob-language-extension/language-configuration.json

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     ["'", "'"]
   ],
   "indentationRules": {
-    "increaseIndentPattern": "\\{[^}]*$|\\b(func|if|else|while|for)\\b.*$",
+    "increaseIndentPattern": "\\{[^}]*$|\\b(func|if|else|while|for|class|extension)\\b.*$",
     "decreaseIndentPattern": "^\\s*[})]"
   },
   "folding": {

bob-language-extension/package.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "name": "bob-language",
   "displayName": "Bob Language",
   "description": "Syntax highlighting and language support for the Bob programming language - featuring arrays, dictionaries, auto-truncating float indices, increment/decrement operators, cross-type comparisons, and comprehensive built-in functions",
-  "version": "0.4.0",
+  "version": "0.5.0",
   "engines": {
     "vscode": "^1.60.0"
   },

bob-language-extension/snippets/bob.json

@@ -53,6 +53,32 @@
     ],
     "description": "Declare a variable"
   },
+  "Class Declaration": {
+    "prefix": "class",
+    "body": [
+      "class ${1:ClassName} ${2:extends ${3:Parent}} {",
+      "  var ${4:field} = ${5:none};",
+      "  func init(${6:args}) {",
+      "    this.${4:field} = ${7:value};",
+      "  }",
+      "  func ${8:method}(${9:params}) {",
+      "    $0",
+      "  }",
+      "}"
+    ],
+    "description": "Create a class with optional extends, fields, init, and method"
+  },
+  "Extension Block": {
+    "prefix": "extension",
+    "body": [
+      "extension ${1:Target} {",
+      "  func ${2:method}(${3:params}) {",
+      "    $0",
+      "  }",
+      "}"
+    ],
+    "description": "Create an extension for a class or builtin (string, array, dict, number, any)"
+  }
   "Print Statement": {
     "prefix": "print",
     "body": [
@@ -274,7 +300,7 @@
   "Random Number": {
     "prefix": "random",
     "body": [
-      "var randomValue = random();"
+      "import rand; var randomValue = rand.random();"
     ],
     "description": "Generate random number"
   },

bob-language-extension/syntaxes/bob.tmLanguage.json

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
       "patterns": [
         {
           "name": "keyword.control.bob",
-          "match": "\\b(if|else|while|do|for|break|continue|return|var|func)\\b"
+          "match": "\\b(if|else|while|do|for|break|continue|return|var|func|class|extends|extension|this|super)\\b"
         },
         {
           "name": "keyword.operator.bob",

bobby.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class A {
+    var inner = 10;
+
+    func test(){
+        print(this.inner);
+    }
+}
+
+
+func hello(){
+    print("hello");
+}
+

leakTests/leaktest_builtin.bob

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ print("Test 1: Heavy string operations");
 var stringData = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
     var str = toString(i) + "_" + toString(i * 2) + "_" + toString(i * 3);
-    push(stringData, {
+    stringData.push({
         "original": str,
         "upper": str,  // Bob doesn't have toUpper, but test string storage
-        "length": len(str),
+        "length": str.len(),
         "type": type(str)
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(stringData) + " string operation results");
+    print("Created " + stringData.len() + " string operation results");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear string data...");
 stringData = none;
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 200000; i++) {
     var intVal = toInt(num);
     var boolVal = toBoolean(i % 2);
     
-    push(conversions, [
+    conversions.push([
         num, str, backToNum, intVal, boolVal,
         type(num), type(str), type(backToNum), type(intVal), type(boolVal)
     ]);
 }
-print("Created " + len(conversions) + " type conversion results");
+    print("Created " + conversions.len() + " type conversion results");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear conversions...");
 conversions = [];
@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
     var dict = {"a": i, "b": i+1, "c": i+2};
     
     // Use builtin functions heavily
-    var arrLen = len(arr);
+    var arrLen = arr.len();
-    push(arr, i+3);
+    arr.push(i+3);
-    var popped = pop(arr);
+    var popped = arr.pop();
     
-    var dictKeys = keys(dict);
+    var dictKeys = dict.keys();
-    var dictValues = values(dict);
+    var dictValues = dict.values();
-    var hasA = has(dict, "a");
+    var hasA = dict.has("a");
     
-    push(collections, {
+    collections.push({
         "array": arr,
         "dict": dict,
         "arrLen": arrLen,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
         "hasA": hasA
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(collections) + " collection operation results");
+    print("Created " + collections.len() + " collection operation results");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear collections...");
 collections = "cleared";
@@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
     var funcExpr = "func() { return " + toString(i) + "; };";
     var evalFunc = eval(funcExpr);
     
-    push(evalResults, {
+    evalResults.push({
         "expr": expression,
         "result": result,
         "func": evalFunc,
         "funcResult": evalFunc()
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(evalResults) + " eval results");
+    print("Created " + evalResults.len() + " eval results");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear eval results...");
 evalResults = none;
@@ -121,15 +121,15 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
     var readContent = readFile(filename);
     var lines = readLines(filename);
     
-    push(fileData, {
+    fileData.push({
         "filename": filename,
         "exists": exists,
         "content": readContent,
         "lines": lines,
-        "lineCount": len(lines)
+        "lineCount": lines.len()
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(fileData) + " file operation results");
+    print("Created " + fileData.len() + " file operation results");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear file data...");
 fileData = [];
@@ -151,18 +151,19 @@ input("File data cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 6: Random number stress");
 var randomData = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 200000; i++) {
-    var rand1 = random();
+    import rand as RLeak;
-    var rand2 = random();
+    var rand1 = RLeak.random();
+    var rand2 = RLeak.random();
     var sum = rand1 + rand2;
     
-    push(randomData, {
+    randomData.push({
         "rand1": rand1,
         "rand2": rand2,
         "sum": sum,
         "product": rand1 * rand2
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(randomData) + " random number results");
+    print("Created " + randomData.len() + " random number results");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear random data...");
 randomData = none;

leakTests/leaktest_collections.bob

@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ print("Initial memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 print("Test 1: Large nested arrays");
 var nestedArrays = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
-    push(nestedArrays, [
+    nestedArrays.push([
         [i, i+1, i+2],
         [i*2, i*3, i*4],
         [[i, [i+1, [i+2]]], i*5]
     ]);
 }
-print("Created " + len(nestedArrays) + " nested array structures");
+print("Created " + nestedArrays.len() + " nested array structures");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear nested arrays...");
 nestedArrays = none;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 2: Large nested dictionaries");
 var nestedDicts = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
-    push(nestedDicts, {
+    nestedDicts.push({
         "id": i,
         "data": {
             "value": i * 2,
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
         }
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(nestedDicts) + " nested dictionary structures");
+print("Created " + nestedDicts.len() + " nested dictionary structures");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear nested dicts...");
 nestedDicts = [];
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 3: Mixed array/dict structures");
 var mixedStructures = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
-    push(mixedStructures, [
+    mixedStructures.push([
         {"arrays": [[i, i+1], [i+2, i+3]]},
         [{"dicts": {"a": i, "b": i+1}}, {"more": [i, i+1]}],
         {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
         }
     ]);
 }
-print("Created " + len(mixedStructures) + " mixed structures");
+print("Created " + mixedStructures.len() + " mixed structures");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear mixed structures...");
 mixedStructures = "cleared";
@@ -78,11 +78,15 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
     var item = {"id": i, "value": i * 2};
     // Create a structure that references itself
     item["self"] = [item, {"parent": item}];
-    push(selfRef, item);
+    selfRef.push(item);
 }
-print("Created " + len(selfRef) + " self-referencing structures");
+print("Created " + selfRef.len() + " self-referencing structures");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear self-ref structures...");
+// Break cycles explicitly so reference counting can reclaim memory deterministically
+for (var i = 0; i < selfRef.len(); i++) {
+    selfRef[i]["self"] = none;
+}
 selfRef = 123;
 print("Memory after clear: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
@@ -95,12 +99,12 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
     for (var j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
         longString = longString + "data" + i + "_" + j + " ";
     }
-    push(stringCollections, {
+    stringCollections.push({
         "content": longString,
         "words": [longString, longString + "_copy", longString + "_backup"]
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(stringCollections) + " string collections");
+print("Created " + stringCollections.len() + " string collections");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear string collections...");
 stringCollections = none;

leakTests/leaktest_functions.bob

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ print("Initial memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 print("Test 1: Recursive function closures");
 var recursiveFuncs = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
-    push(recursiveFuncs, func() {
+    recursiveFuncs.push(func() {
         var capturedI = i;
         return func() {
             if (capturedI > 0) {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
         };
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(recursiveFuncs) + " recursive closure functions");
+print("Created " + recursiveFuncs.len() + " recursive closure functions");
 print("Memory after creation: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear recursive functions...");
 recursiveFuncs = none;
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 2: Function factories");
 var factories = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
-    push(factories, func() {
+    factories.push(func() {
         var multiplier = i;
         return func(x) {
             return x * multiplier;
         };
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(factories) + " function factories");
+print("Created " + factories.len() + " function factories");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear factories...");
 factories = [];
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 3: Deep function nesting");
 var deepNested = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
-    push(deepNested, func() {
+    deepNested.push(func() {
         return func() {
             return func() {
                 return func() {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
         };
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(deepNested) + " deeply nested functions");
+print("Created " + deepNested.len() + " deeply nested functions");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear deep nested...");
 deepNested = "test";
@@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
     var funcB = func() {
         return "B" + i;
     };
-    // Store both in same array element to create potential circular refs
+// Store both in same array element to create potential circular refs
-    push(circularFuncs, [funcA, funcB, func() { return funcA; }]);
+circularFuncs.push([funcA, funcB, func() { return funcA; }]);
 }
-print("Created " + len(circularFuncs) + " circular function structures");
+print("Created " + circularFuncs.len() + " circular function structures");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear circular functions...");
 circularFuncs = 42;

leakTests/leaktest_loops.bob

@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@ var nestedData = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
     var row = [];
     for (var j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
-        push(row, {
+        row.push({
             "i": i,
             "j": j,
             "func": func() { return i * j; },
             "data": [i, j, i+j]
         });
     }
-    push(nestedData, row);
+    nestedData.push(row);
 }
-print("Created " + len(nestedData) + "x" + len(nestedData[0]) + " nested structure");
+print("Created " + nestedData.len() + "x" + nestedData[0].len() + " nested structure");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear nested data...");
 nestedData = none;
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ print("Test 2: While loop accumulation");
 var accumulator = [];
 var counter = 0;
 while (counter < 500000) {
-    push(accumulator, {
+    accumulator.push({
         "count": counter,
         "func": func() { return counter * 2; },
         "meta": ["item" + counter, counter % 100]
     });
     counter = counter + 1;
 }
-print("Accumulated " + len(accumulator) + " items in while loop");
+print("Accumulated " + accumulator.len() + " items in while loop");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear accumulator...");
 accumulator = [];
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ print("Test 4: Do-while function creation");
 var doWhileFuncs = [];
 var dwCounter = 0;
 do {
-    push(doWhileFuncs, func() {
+    doWhileFuncs.push(func() {
         var captured = dwCounter;
         return func() {
             return captured * captured;
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ do {
     });
     dwCounter = dwCounter + 1;
 } while (dwCounter < 100000);
-print("Created " + len(doWhileFuncs) + " functions in do-while");
+print("Created " + doWhileFuncs.len() + " functions in do-while");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear do-while functions...");
 doWhileFuncs = "cleared";
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
     
     if (i > 400000 && i % 100 == 0) {
         // Create larger objects near the end
-        push(complexData, {
+        complexData.push({
             "large": [
                 func() { return i; },
                 [i, i+1, i+2, i+3],
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
             ]
         });
     } else {
-        push(complexData, func() { return i; });
+        complexData.push(func() { return i; });
     }
     
-    if (i > 450000 && len(complexData) > 350000) {
+    if (i > 450000 && complexData.len() > 350000) {
         break; // Early exit
     }
 }
-print("Complex loop created " + len(complexData) + " items");
+print("Complex loop created " + complexData.len() + " items");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear complex data...");
 complexData = none;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ for (var cycle = 0; cycle < 100; cycle++) {
     
     // Create lots of data
     for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
-        push(churnData, [
+        churnData.push([
             func() { return i + cycle; },
             {"cycle": cycle, "item": i}
         ]);

leakTests/leaktest_mixed.bob

@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
     var capturedArray = [i, i+1, i+2, "data" + i];
     var capturedDict = {"id": i, "values": [i*2, i*3]};
     
-    push(funcWithCollections, func() {
+    funcWithCollections.push(func() {
         // Capture both collections
         var localArray = capturedArray;
         var localDict = capturedDict;
         return func() {
-            return len(localArray) + len(localDict);
+            return localArray.len() + localDict.len();
         };
     });
 }
-print("Created " + len(funcWithCollections) + " functions with collection captures");
+print("Created " + funcWithCollections.len() + " functions with collection captures");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear function collections...");
 funcWithCollections = [];
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 2: Collections with mixed content");
 var mixedContent = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
-    push(mixedContent, [
+    mixedContent.push([
         func() { return i; },                    // Function
         [i, i+1, func() { return i*2; }],       // Array with function
         {"value": i, "func": func() { return i*3; }}, // Dict with function
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
         i % 2 == 0                             // Boolean
     ]);
 }
-print("Created " + len(mixedContent) + " mixed content collections");
+print("Created " + mixedContent.len() + " mixed content collections");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear mixed content...");
 mixedContent = none;
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
     obj["array"] = [1, 2, 3];
     obj["array"][0] = func() { return i * 2; };
     
-    push(propObjects, obj);
+    propObjects.push(obj);
 }
-print("Created " + len(propObjects) + " objects with dynamic properties");
+print("Created " + propObjects.len() + " objects with dynamic properties");
 print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Press Enter to clear property objects...");
 propObjects = "cleared";
@@ -71,20 +71,20 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
 print("Test 4: Type reassignment chains");
 var typeChains = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 200000; i++) {
-    push(typeChains, i);
+    typeChains.push(i);
 }
 print("Memory after number array: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Created number array. Press Enter to convert to functions...");
 
 // Reassign all elements to functions
-for (var i = 0; i < len(typeChains); i++) {
+for (var i = 0; i < typeChains.len(); i++) {
     typeChains[i] = func() { return i; };
 }
 print("Memory after function conversion: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 input("Converted to functions. Press Enter to convert to dicts...");
 
 // Reassign all elements to dicts
-for (var i = 0; i < len(typeChains); i++) {
+for (var i = 0; i < typeChains.len(); i++) {
     typeChains[i] = {"id": i, "func": func() { return i; }};
 }
 print("Memory after dict conversion: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ print("Test 5: Rapid allocation/deallocation");
 for (var round = 0; round < 10; round++) {
     var temp = [];
     for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
-        push(temp, [
+        temp.push([
             func() { return i; },
             {"data": [i, i+1, func() { return i*2; }]}
         ]);
     }
-    print("Round " + round + ": Created " + len(temp) + " items, Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
+    print("Round " + round + ": Created " + temp.len() + " items, Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
     temp = none; // Clear immediately
     if (round % 2 == 1) print("After clear round " + round + ": " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 }

src/headers/builtinModules/base64_module.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'base64' module
+void registerBase64Module(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/eval.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'eval' module providing eval(code) and evalFile(path)
+void registerEvalModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/io.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'io' module (file I/O and input)
+void registerIoModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/json.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'json' module
+void registerJsonModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/math_module.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'math' module
+void registerMathModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/os.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'os' module
+void registerOsModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/path_module.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'path' module (path utilities)
+void registerPathModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/rand.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'rand' module
+void registerRandModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/register.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Registers all builtin modules with the interpreter
+void registerAllBuiltinModules(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/sys.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'sys' module
+void registerSysModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/builtinModules/time_module.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class Interpreter;
+
+// Register the builtin 'time' module (time functions)
+void registerTimeModule(Interpreter& interpreter);
+
+

src/headers/cli/bob.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include "Lexer.h"
 #include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "ModuleRegistry.h"
 #include "helperFunctions/ShortHands.h"
 #include "ErrorReporter.h"
 
@@ -20,10 +21,105 @@ public:
     ~Bob() = default;
 
 public:
+    // Embedding helpers (bridge to internal interpreter)
+    void registerModule(const std::string& name, std::function<void(ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder&)> init) {
+        if (interpreter) interpreter->registerModule(name, init);
+        else pendingConfigurators.push_back([name, init](Interpreter& I){ I.registerModule(name, init); });
+    }
+    void setBuiltinModulePolicy(bool allow) {
+        if (interpreter) interpreter->setBuiltinModulePolicy(allow);
+        else pendingConfigurators.push_back([allow](Interpreter& I){ I.setBuiltinModulePolicy(allow); });
+    }
+    void setBuiltinModuleAllowList(const std::vector<std::string>& allowed) {
+        if (interpreter) interpreter->setBuiltinModuleAllowList(allowed);
+        else pendingConfigurators.push_back([allowed](Interpreter& I){ I.setBuiltinModuleAllowList(allowed); });
+    }
+    void setBuiltinModuleDenyList(const std::vector<std::string>& denied) {
+        if (interpreter) interpreter->setBuiltinModuleDenyList(denied);
+        else pendingConfigurators.push_back([denied](Interpreter& I){ I.setBuiltinModuleDenyList(denied); });
+    }
+    bool defineGlobal(const std::string& name, const Value& v) {
+        if (interpreter) return interpreter->defineGlobalVar(name, v);
+        pendingConfigurators.push_back([name, v](Interpreter& I){ I.defineGlobalVar(name, v); });
+        return true;
+    }
+    bool tryGetGlobal(const std::string& name, Value& out) const { return interpreter ? interpreter->tryGetGlobalVar(name, out) : false; }
     void runFile(const std::string& path);
     void runPrompt();
+    bool evalFile(const std::string& path);
+    bool evalString(const std::string& code, const std::string& filename = "<eval>");
+
+    // Safety policy helpers (public API)
+    // Set all safety-related policies at once
+    void setSafetyPolicy(
+        bool allowBuiltins,
+        const std::vector<std::string>& allowList,
+        const std::vector<std::string>& denyList,
+        bool allowFileImports,
+        bool preferFileOverBuiltin,
+        const std::vector<std::string>& searchPaths
+    ) {
+        if (interpreter) {
+            interpreter->setBuiltinModulePolicy(allowBuiltins);
+            interpreter->setBuiltinModuleAllowList(allowList);
+            interpreter->setBuiltinModuleDenyList(denyList);
+            interpreter->setModulePolicy(allowFileImports, preferFileOverBuiltin, searchPaths);
+        } else {
+            pendingConfigurators.push_back([=](Interpreter& I){
+                I.setBuiltinModulePolicy(allowBuiltins);
+                I.setBuiltinModuleAllowList(allowList);
+                I.setBuiltinModuleDenyList(denyList);
+                I.setModulePolicy(allowFileImports, preferFileOverBuiltin, searchPaths);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Simple presets: "open", "safe", "locked"
+    void setSafetyPreset(const std::string& preset) {
+        if (preset == "open") {
+            setSafetyPolicy(
+                true, /* allowBuiltins */
+                {},   /* allowList -> empty means allow all */
+                {},
+                true, /* allowFileImports */
+                true, /* preferFileOverBuiltin */
+                {}    /* searchPaths */
+            );
+        } else if (preset == "safe") {
+            // Allow only pure/harmless modules by default
+            setSafetyPolicy(
+                true,
+                std::vector<std::string>{
+                    "sys", "time", "rand", "math", "path", "base64"
+                },
+                std::vector<std::string>{ /* denyList empty when allowList is used */ },
+                false, /* disallow file-based imports */
+                true,
+                {}
+            );
+        } else if (preset == "locked") {
+            // No builtins visible; no file imports
+            setSafetyPolicy(
+                false,
+                {},
+                {},
+                false,
+                true,
+                {}
+            );
+        } else {
+            // Default to safe
+            setSafetyPreset("safe");
+        }
+    }
 
 private:
-    void run(std::string source);
+    void ensureInterpreter(bool interactive);
+    void applyPendingConfigs() {
+        if (!interpreter) return;
+        for (auto& f : pendingConfigurators) { f(*interpreter); }
+        pendingConfigurators.clear();
+    }
+    std::vector<std::function<void(Interpreter&)>> pendingConfigurators;
 };
 

src/headers/common/helperFunctions/HelperFunctions.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <vector>
 #include <bitset>
+#include <cctype>
 
 inline std::vector<std::string> splitString(const std::string& input, const std::string& delimiter) {
     std::vector<std::string> tokens;
@@ -56,9 +57,9 @@ inline bool isHexDigit(char c) {
     return (std::isdigit(c) || (std::isxdigit(c) && std::islower(c)));
 }
 
-inline u_long binaryStringToLong(const std::string& binaryString) {
+inline unsigned long long binaryStringToLong(const std::string& binaryString) {
     std::string binaryDigits = binaryString.substr(2);  // Remove the '0b' prefix
-    u_long result = 0;
+    unsigned long long result = 0;
     for (char ch : binaryDigits) {
         result <<= 1;
         result += (ch - '0');

src/headers/parsing/ErrorReporter.h

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ private:
     std::string currentFileName;
     std::vector<std::string> callStack;
     bool hadError = false;
+    // Support nested sources (e.g., eval of external files)
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> sourceStack;
+    std::vector<std::string> fileNameStack;
 
 public:
     ErrorReporter() = default;
@@ -58,6 +61,11 @@ public:
     void pushCallStack(const std::string& functionName);
     void popCallStack();
 
+    // Source push/pop for eval
+    void pushSource(const std::string& source, const std::string& fileName);
+    void popSource();
+    const std::string& getCurrentFileName() const { return currentFileName; }
+
 private:
     void displaySourceContext(int line, int column, const std::string& errorType, const std::string& message, const std::string& operator_ = "", bool showArrow = true);
     void displayCallStack(const std::vector<std::string>& callStack);

src/headers/parsing/Lexer.h

@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@ enum TokenType{
     // Increment/decrement operators
     PLUS_PLUS, MINUS_MINUS,
 
-    IDENTIFIER, STRING, NUMBER, BOOL,
+    IDENTIFIER, STRING, NUMBER, KW_BOOL,
 
     AND, OR, TRUE, FALSE, IF, ELSE, FUNCTION, FOR,
-    WHILE, DO, VAR, CLASS, SUPER, THIS, NONE, RETURN, BREAK, CONTINUE,
+    WHILE, DO, VAR, CLASS, EXTENDS, EXTENSION, SUPER, THIS, NONE, RETURN, BREAK, CONTINUE,
+    IMPORT, FROM, AS,
+    TRY, CATCH, FINALLY, THROW,
 
     // Compound assignment operators
     PLUS_EQUAL, MINUS_EQUAL, STAR_EQUAL, SLASH_EQUAL, PERCENT_EQUAL,
@@ -51,10 +53,12 @@ inline std::string enum_mapping[] = {"OPEN_PAREN", "CLOSE_PAREN", "OPEN_BRACE",
                            
                            "PLUS_PLUS", "MINUS_MINUS",
 
-                           "IDENTIFIER", "STRING", "NUMBER", "BOOL",
+                           "IDENTIFIER", "STRING", "NUMBER", "KW_BOOL",
 
                            "AND", "OR", "TRUE", "FALSE", "IF", "ELSE", "FUNCTION", "FOR",
-                           "WHILE", "DO", "VAR", "CLASS", "SUPER", "THIS", "NONE", "RETURN", "BREAK", "CONTINUE",
+                           "WHILE", "DO", "VAR", "CLASS", "EXTENDS", "EXTENSION", "SUPER", "THIS", "NONE", "RETURN", "BREAK", "CONTINUE",
+                           "IMPORT", "FROM", "AS",
+                           "TRY", "CATCH", "FINALLY", "THROW",
 
                            // Compound assignment operators
                            "PLUS_EQUAL", "MINUS_EQUAL", "STAR_EQUAL", "SLASH_EQUAL", "PERCENT_EQUAL",
@@ -77,12 +81,21 @@ const std::map<std::string, TokenType> KEYWORDS {
         {"do", DO},
         {"var", VAR},
         {"class", CLASS},
+        {"extends", EXTENDS},
+        {"extension", EXTENSION},
         {"super", SUPER},
         {"this", THIS},
         {"none", NONE},
         {"return", RETURN},
         {"break", BREAK},
         {"continue", CONTINUE},
+        {"import", IMPORT},
+        {"from", FROM},
+        {"as", AS},
+        {"try", TRY},
+        {"catch", CATCH},
+        {"finally", FINALLY},
+        {"throw", THROW},
 };
 
 struct Token

src/headers/parsing/Parser.h

@@ -68,6 +68,12 @@ private:
     std::shared_ptr<Stmt> continueStatement();
 
     std::shared_ptr<Stmt> declaration();
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> classDeclaration();
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> extensionDeclaration();
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> tryStatement();
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> throwStatement();
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> importStatement();
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> fromImportStatement();
 
     std::shared_ptr<Stmt> varDeclaration();
 

src/headers/parsing/Statement.h

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ struct ForStmt;
 struct BreakStmt;
 struct ContinueStmt;
 struct AssignStmt;
+struct ClassStmt;
+struct ExtensionStmt;
 
 #include "ExecutionContext.h"
 
@@ -34,6 +36,12 @@ struct StmtVisitor
     virtual void visitBreakStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BreakStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
     virtual void visitContinueStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ContinueStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
     virtual void visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual void visitClassStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ClassStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual void visitExtensionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExtensionStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual void visitTryStmt(const std::shared_ptr<struct TryStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual void visitThrowStmt(const std::shared_ptr<struct ThrowStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual void visitImportStmt(const std::shared_ptr<struct ImportStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual void visitFromImportStmt(const std::shared_ptr<struct FromImportStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
 };
 
 struct Stmt : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Stmt>
@@ -43,6 +51,39 @@ struct Stmt : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Stmt>
     virtual ~Stmt(){};
 };
 
+struct ClassField {
+    Token name;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expr> initializer; // may be null
+    ClassField(Token name, std::shared_ptr<Expr> init) : name(name), initializer(init) {}
+};
+
+struct ClassStmt : Stmt {
+    const Token name;
+    bool hasParent;
+    Token parentName; // valid only if hasParent
+    std::vector<ClassField> fields;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
+
+    ClassStmt(Token name, bool hasParent, Token parentName, std::vector<ClassField> fields, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods)
+        : name(name), hasParent(hasParent), parentName(parentName), fields(std::move(fields)), methods(std::move(methods)) {}
+
+    void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
+        visitor->visitClassStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<ClassStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
+    }
+};
+
+struct ExtensionStmt : Stmt {
+    const Token target;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
+
+    ExtensionStmt(Token target, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods)
+        : target(target), methods(std::move(methods)) {}
+
+    void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
+        visitor->visitExtensionStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<ExtensionStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
+    }
+};
+
 struct BlockStmt : Stmt
 {
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> statements;
@@ -210,3 +251,55 @@ struct AssignStmt : Stmt
         visitor->visitAssignStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<AssignStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
     }
 };
+
+struct TryStmt : Stmt {
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> tryBlock;
+    Token catchVar; // IDENTIFIER or empty token if no catch
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> catchBlock; // may be null
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> finallyBlock; // may be null
+
+    TryStmt(std::shared_ptr<Stmt> t, Token cvar, std::shared_ptr<Stmt> cblk, std::shared_ptr<Stmt> fblk)
+        : tryBlock(t), catchVar(cvar), catchBlock(cblk), finallyBlock(fblk) {}
+
+    void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
+        visitor->visitTryStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<TryStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
+    }
+};
+
+struct ThrowStmt : Stmt {
+    const Token keyword;
+    std::shared_ptr<Expr> value;
+    ThrowStmt(Token kw, std::shared_ptr<Expr> v) : keyword(kw), value(v) {}
+    void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
+        visitor->visitThrowStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<ThrowStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
+    }
+};
+
+// import module [as alias]
+struct ImportStmt : Stmt {
+    Token importToken; // IMPORT
+    Token moduleName;  // IDENTIFIER
+    bool hasAlias = false;
+    Token alias;       // IDENTIFIER if hasAlias
+    ImportStmt(Token kw, Token mod, bool ha, Token al)
+        : importToken(kw), moduleName(mod), hasAlias(ha), alias(al) {}
+    void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
+        visitor->visitImportStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<ImportStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
+    }
+};
+
+// from module import name [as alias], name2 ...
+struct FromImportStmt : Stmt {
+    Token fromToken;   // FROM
+    Token moduleName;  // IDENTIFIER or STRING
+    struct ImportItem { Token name; bool hasAlias; Token alias; };
+    std::vector<ImportItem> items;
+    bool importAll = false; // true for: from module import *;
+    FromImportStmt(Token kw, Token mod, std::vector<ImportItem> it)
+        : fromToken(kw), moduleName(mod), items(std::move(it)), importAll(false) {}
+    FromImportStmt(Token kw, Token mod, bool all)
+        : fromToken(kw), moduleName(mod), importAll(all) {}
+    void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
+        visitor->visitFromImportStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<FromImportStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
+    }
+};

src/headers/runtime/AssignmentUtils.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Value.h"
+#include "Lexer.h"
+
+// Utility to compute the result of a compound assignment (e.g., +=, -=, etc.)
+// Leaves error reporting to callers; throws std::runtime_error on unknown operator
+inline Value computeCompoundAssignment(const Value& currentValue, TokenType opType, const Value& rhs) {
+    switch (opType) {
+        case PLUS_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue + rhs;
+        case MINUS_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue - rhs;
+        case STAR_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue * rhs;
+        case SLASH_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue / rhs;
+        case PERCENT_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue % rhs;
+        case BIN_AND_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue & rhs;
+        case BIN_OR_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue | rhs;
+        case BIN_XOR_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue ^ rhs;
+        case BIN_SLEFT_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue << rhs;
+        case BIN_SRIGHT_EQUAL:
+            return currentValue >> rhs;
+        default:
+            throw std::runtime_error("Unknown compound assignment operator");
+    }
+}
+
+

src/headers/runtime/Environment.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include "Value.h"
 #include "Lexer.h"
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ public:
     void setErrorReporter(ErrorReporter* reporter) {
         errorReporter = reporter;
     }
+    ErrorReporter* getErrorReporter() const { return errorReporter; }
     
     // Optimized define with inline
     inline void define(const std::string& name, const Value& value) {
@@ -41,23 +43,18 @@ public:
     // Enhanced get with error reporting
     Value get(const Token& name);
     
-    // Get by string name with error reporting
-    Value get(const std::string& name);
-    
     // Prune heavy containers in a snapshot to avoid capture cycles
     void pruneForClosureCapture();
     
     std::shared_ptr<Environment> getParent() const { return parent; }
-    inline void clear() { variables.clear(); }
+    // Export all variables (shallow copy) for module namespace
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> getAll() const { return variables; }
     
-    // Set parent environment for TCO environment reuse
-    inline void setParent(std::shared_ptr<Environment> newParent) {
-        parent = newParent;
-    }
 
 private:
     std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> variables;
     std::shared_ptr<Environment> parent;
     ErrorReporter* errorReporter;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> constBindings;
 };
 

src/headers/runtime/ExecutionContext.h

@@ -7,4 +7,8 @@ struct ExecutionContext {
     Value returnValue = NONE_VALUE;
     bool shouldBreak = false;
     bool shouldContinue = false;
+    bool hasThrow = false;
+    Value thrownValue = NONE_VALUE;
+    int throwLine = 0;
+    int throwColumn = 0;
 };

src/headers/runtime/Executor.h

@@ -38,6 +38,12 @@ public:
     void visitBreakStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BreakStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
     void visitContinueStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ContinueStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
     void visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
+    void visitClassStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ClassStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
+    void visitExtensionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExtensionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
+    void visitTryStmt(const std::shared_ptr<TryStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
+    void visitThrowStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ThrowStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
+    void visitImportStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ImportStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
+    void visitFromImportStmt(const std::shared_ptr<FromImportStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
 
 private:
     void execute(const std::shared_ptr<Stmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context);

src/headers/runtime/Interpreter.h

@@ -1,15 +1,4 @@
 #pragma once
-#include "Expression.h"
-#include "Statement.h"
-#include "helperFunctions/ShortHands.h"
-#include "TypeWrapper.h"
-#include "Environment.h"
-#include "Value.h"
-#include "BobStdLib.h"
-#include "ErrorReporter.h"
-#include "ExecutionContext.h"
-#include "RuntimeDiagnostics.h"
-
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -17,6 +6,24 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <functional>
 
+#include "Value.h"
+#include "TypeWrapper.h"
+#include "RuntimeDiagnostics.h"
+#include "ModuleRegistry.h"
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+struct Expr;
+struct Stmt;
+struct Environment;
+struct BuiltinFunction;
+struct Function;
+struct Thunk;
+class ErrorReporter;
+struct ExecutionContext;
+struct CallExpr;
+
+ 
+
 // Forward declaration
 class Evaluator;
 
@@ -62,17 +69,41 @@ private:
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>> builtinFunctions;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Function>> functions;
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>> thunks;  // Store thunks to prevent memory leaks
+    // Global extension registries
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Function>>> classExtensions;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Function>>> builtinExtensions; // keys: "string","array","dict","any"
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> classParents; // child -> parent
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>> classTemplates; // className -> template dict
+    // Field initializers per class in source order (to evaluate across inheritance chain)
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expr>>>> classFieldInitializers; // className -> [(field, expr)]
     ErrorReporter* errorReporter;
     bool inThunkExecution = false;
     
     // Automatic cleanup tracking
-    int functionCreationCount = 0;
     int thunkCreationCount = 0;
-    static const int CLEANUP_THRESHOLD = 1000000;
+    static const int CLEANUP_THRESHOLD = 10000;
     
     RuntimeDiagnostics diagnostics;  // Utility functions for runtime operations
     std::unique_ptr<Evaluator> evaluator;
     std::unique_ptr<Executor> executor;
+    // Module cache: module key -> module dict value
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> moduleCache;
+    // Builtin module registry
+    ModuleRegistry builtinModules;
+    // Import policy flags
+    bool allowFileImports = true;
+    bool preferFileOverBuiltin = true;
+    bool allowBuiltinImports = true;
+    std::vector<std::string> moduleSearchPaths; // e.g., BOBPATH
+    // Pending throw propagation from expression evaluation
+     bool hasPendingThrow = false;
+     Value pendingThrow = NONE_VALUE;
+     int pendingThrowLine = 0;
+     int pendingThrowColumn = 0;
+    int lastErrorLine = 0;
+    int lastErrorColumn = 0;
+    int tryDepth = 0;
+    bool inlineErrorReported = false;
     
 public:
     explicit Interpreter(bool isInteractive);
@@ -93,25 +124,75 @@ public:
     bool isInteractiveMode() const;
     std::shared_ptr<Environment> getEnvironment();
     void setEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env);
-    void addThunk(std::shared_ptr<Thunk> thunk);
+    ErrorReporter* getErrorReporter() const { return errorReporter; }
+    
     void addFunction(std::shared_ptr<Function> function);
     void reportError(int line, int column, const std::string& errorType, const std::string& message, const std::string& lexeme = "");
     void addBuiltinFunction(std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction> func);
     void cleanupUnusedFunctions();
     void cleanupUnusedThunks();
     void forceCleanup();
+    // Extension APIs
+    void registerExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName, std::shared_ptr<Function> fn);
+    std::shared_ptr<Function> lookupExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName);
+    void registerClass(const std::string& className, const std::string& parentName);
+    std::string getParentClass(const std::string& className) const;
+    void setClassTemplate(const std::string& className, const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& tmpl);
+    bool getClassTemplate(const std::string& className, std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& out) const;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> buildMergedTemplate(const std::string& className) const;
+    // Field initializer APIs
+    void setClassFieldInitializers(const std::string& className, const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expr>>>& inits) { classFieldInitializers[className] = inits; }
+    bool getClassFieldInitializers(const std::string& className, std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expr>>>& out) const {
+        auto it = classFieldInitializers.find(className);
+        if (it == classFieldInitializers.end()) return false; out = it->second; return true;
+    }
+    void addStdLibFunctions();
+    // Module APIs
+    Value importModule(const std::string& spec, int line, int column); // returns module dict
+    bool fromImport(const std::string& spec, const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& items, int line, int column); // name->alias
+    void setModulePolicy(bool allowFiles, bool preferFiles, const std::vector<std::string>& searchPaths);
+    void setBuiltinModulePolicy(bool allowBuiltins) { allowBuiltinImports = allowBuiltins; builtinModules.setPolicy(allowBuiltins); }
+    void setBuiltinModuleAllowList(const std::vector<std::string>& allowed) { builtinModules.setAllowList(allowed); }
+    void setBuiltinModuleDenyList(const std::vector<std::string>& denied) { builtinModules.setDenyList(denied); }
+    void registerBuiltinModule(const std::string& name, std::function<Value(Interpreter&)> factory) { builtinModules.registerFactory(name, std::move(factory)); }
+    
+    // Simple module registration API
+    using ModuleBuilder = ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder;
+
+    void registerModule(const std::string& name, std::function<void(ModuleBuilder&)> init) {
+        builtinModules.registerModule(name, std::move(init));
+    }
+    // Global environment helpers
+    bool defineGlobalVar(const std::string& name, const Value& value);
+    bool tryGetGlobalVar(const std::string& name, Value& out) const;
+     // Throw propagation helpers
+     void setPendingThrow(const Value& v, int line = 0, int column = 0) { hasPendingThrow = true; pendingThrow = v; pendingThrowLine = line; pendingThrowColumn = column; }
+     bool consumePendingThrow(Value& out, int* lineOut = nullptr, int* colOut = nullptr) { if (!hasPendingThrow) return false; out = pendingThrow; if (lineOut) *lineOut = pendingThrowLine; if (colOut) *colOut = pendingThrowColumn; hasPendingThrow = false; pendingThrow = NONE_VALUE; pendingThrowLine = 0; pendingThrowColumn = 0; return true; }
+     // Try tracking
+     void enterTry() { tryDepth++; }
+     void exitTry() { if (tryDepth > 0) tryDepth--; }
+     bool isInTry() const { return tryDepth > 0; }
+     void markInlineErrorReported() { inlineErrorReported = true; }
+     bool hasInlineErrorReported() const { return inlineErrorReported; }
+     void clearInlineErrorReported() { inlineErrorReported = false; }
+     bool hasReportedError() const;
+     // Last error site tracking
+     void setLastErrorSite(int line, int column) { lastErrorLine = line; lastErrorColumn = column; }
+     int getLastErrorLine() const { return lastErrorLine; }
+     int getLastErrorColumn() const { return lastErrorColumn; }
+
+    // Process/host metadata (for sys module)
+    void setArgv(const std::vector<std::string>& args, const std::string& executablePath) { argvData = args; executableFile = executablePath; }
+    std::vector<std::string> getArgv() const { return argvData; }
+    std::string getExecutablePath() const { return executableFile; }
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> getModuleCacheSnapshot() const { return moduleCache; }
+
     
-    // Function creation count management
-    void incrementFunctionCreationCount();
-    int getFunctionCreationCount() const;
-    void resetFunctionCreationCount();
-    int getCleanupThreshold() const;
     
-    // Public access for Evaluator
-    bool& getInThunkExecutionRef() { return inThunkExecution; }
 
 private:
-    Value evaluateWithoutTrampoline(const std::shared_ptr<Expr>& expr);
-    void addStdLibFunctions();
     Value runTrampoline(Value initialResult);
+    // Stored argv/executable for sys module
+    std::vector<std::string> argvData;
+    std::string executableFile;
 };

src/headers/runtime/ModuleDef.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// ModuleDef.h
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "Value.h"
+
+struct Module {
+    std::string name;
+    std::shared_ptr<std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>> exports;
+};
+
+

src/headers/runtime/ModuleRegistry.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include "TypeWrapper.h"  // BuiltinFunction, Value
+
+class Interpreter; // fwd
+
+class ModuleRegistry {
+public:
+    struct ModuleBuilder {
+        std::string moduleName;
+        Interpreter& interpreterRef;
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> exports;
+        ModuleBuilder(const std::string& n, Interpreter& i) : moduleName(n), interpreterRef(i) {}
+        void fn(const std::string& name, std::function<Value(std::vector<Value>, int, int)> func) {
+            exports[name] = Value(std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>(name, func));
+        }
+        void val(const std::string& name, const Value& v) { exports[name] = v; }
+    };
+
+    using Factory = std::function<Value(Interpreter&)>;
+
+    void registerFactory(const std::string& name, Factory factory) {
+        factories[name] = std::move(factory);
+    }
+
+    void registerModule(const std::string& name, std::function<void(ModuleBuilder&)> init) {
+        registerFactory(name, [name, init](Interpreter& I) -> Value {
+            ModuleBuilder b(name, I);
+            init(b);
+            auto m = std::make_shared<Module>(name, b.exports);
+            return Value(m);
+        });
+    }
+
+    bool has(const std::string& name) const {
+        auto it = factories.find(name);
+        if (it == factories.end()) return false;
+        // Respect policy for presence checks to optionally cloak denied modules
+        if (!allowBuiltins) return false;
+        if (!allowList.empty() && allowList.find(name) == allowList.end()) return false;
+        if (denyList.find(name) != denyList.end()) return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Value create(const std::string& name, Interpreter& I) const {
+        auto it = factories.find(name);
+        if (it == factories.end()) return NONE_VALUE;
+        if (!allowBuiltins) return NONE_VALUE;
+        if (!allowList.empty() && allowList.find(name) == allowList.end()) return NONE_VALUE;
+        if (denyList.find(name) != denyList.end()) return NONE_VALUE;
+        return it->second(I);
+    }
+
+    void setPolicy(bool allow) { allowBuiltins = allow; }
+    void setAllowList(const std::vector<std::string>& allowed) { allowList = std::unordered_set<std::string>(allowed.begin(), allowed.end()); }
+    void setDenyList(const std::vector<std::string>& denied) { denyList = std::unordered_set<std::string>(denied.begin(), denied.end()); }
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Factory> factories;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> allowList;
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> denyList;
+    bool allowBuiltins = true;
+};
+
+

src/headers/runtime/RuntimeDiagnostics.h

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ public:
     void cleanupUnusedFunctions(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>>& functions);
     void cleanupUnusedFunctions(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Function>>& functions);
     void cleanupUnusedThunks(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>>& thunks);
-    void forceCleanup(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>>& functions, 
-                     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>>& thunks);
     void forceCleanup(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>>& builtinFunctions,
                      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Function>>& functions,
                      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>>& thunks);

src/headers/runtime/TypeWrapper.h

@@ -10,51 +10,22 @@
 struct Stmt;
 struct Environment;
 
-struct Object
+struct Function
-{
-    virtual ~Object(){};
-};
-
-struct Number : Object
-{
-    double value;
-    explicit Number(double value) : value(value) {}
-};
-
-struct String : Object
-{
-    std::string value;
-    explicit String(std::string str) : value(str) {}
-    ~String(){
-
-    }
-};
-
-struct Boolean : Object
-{
-    bool value;
-    explicit Boolean(bool value) : value(value) {}
-};
-
-struct None : public Object
-{
-
-};
-
-struct Function : public Object
 {
     const std::string name;
     const std::vector<std::string> params;
     const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body;
     const std::shared_ptr<Environment> closure;
+    const std::string ownerClass; // empty for non-methods
 
     Function(std::string name, std::vector<std::string> params, 
              std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body, 
-             std::shared_ptr<Environment> closure)
+             std::shared_ptr<Environment> closure,
-        : name(name), params(params), body(body), closure(closure) {}
+             std::string ownerClass = "")
+        : name(name), params(params), body(body), closure(closure), ownerClass(ownerClass) {}
 };
 
-struct BuiltinFunction : public Object
+struct BuiltinFunction
 {
     const std::string name;
     const std::function<Value(std::vector<Value>, int, int)> func;

src/headers/runtime/Value.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <utility>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ struct Environment;
 struct Function;
 struct BuiltinFunction;
 struct Thunk;
+struct Module;
 
 // Type tags for the Value union
 enum ValueType {
@@ -24,9 +26,12 @@ enum ValueType {
     VAL_BUILTIN_FUNCTION,
     VAL_THUNK,
     VAL_ARRAY,
-    VAL_DICT
+    VAL_DICT,
+    VAL_MODULE
 };
 
+// (moved below Value)
+
 // Tagged value system (like Lua) - no heap allocation for simple values
 struct Value {
     union {
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@ struct Value {
     std::string string_value; // Store strings outside the union for safety
     std::shared_ptr<std::vector<Value> > array_value; // Store arrays as shared_ptr for mutability
     std::shared_ptr<std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> > dict_value; // Store dictionaries as shared_ptr for mutability
+    std::shared_ptr<Module> module_value; // Module object
     
     // Store functions as shared_ptr for proper reference counting
     std::shared_ptr<Function> function;
@@ -58,6 +64,7 @@ struct Value {
     Value(std::vector<Value>&& arr) : type(ValueType::VAL_ARRAY), array_value(std::make_shared<std::vector<Value> >(std::move(arr))) {}
     Value(const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict) : type(ValueType::VAL_DICT), dict_value(std::make_shared<std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> >(dict)) {}
     Value(std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>&& dict) : type(ValueType::VAL_DICT), dict_value(std::make_shared<std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> >(std::move(dict))) {}
+    Value(std::shared_ptr<Module> m) : type(ValueType::VAL_MODULE), module_value(std::move(m)) {}
     
     // Destructor to clean up functions and thunks
     ~Value() {
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ struct Value {
     // Move constructor
     Value(Value&& other) noexcept 
         : type(other.type), string_value(std::move(other.string_value)), array_value(std::move(other.array_value)), dict_value(std::move(other.dict_value)),
-          function(std::move(other.function)), builtin_function(std::move(other.builtin_function)), thunk(std::move(other.thunk)) {
+          function(std::move(other.function)), builtin_function(std::move(other.builtin_function)), thunk(std::move(other.thunk)), module_value(std::move(other.module_value)) {
         if (type != ValueType::VAL_STRING && type != ValueType::VAL_ARRAY && type != ValueType::VAL_DICT && 
             type != ValueType::VAL_FUNCTION && type != ValueType::VAL_BUILTIN_FUNCTION && type != ValueType::VAL_THUNK) {
             number = other.number; // Copy the union
@@ -94,6 +101,8 @@ struct Value {
                 builtin_function = std::move(other.builtin_function);
             } else if (type == ValueType::VAL_THUNK) {
                 thunk = std::move(other.thunk);
+            } else if (type == ValueType::VAL_MODULE) {
+                module_value = std::move(other.module_value);
             } else {
                 number = other.number;
             }
@@ -117,6 +126,8 @@ struct Value {
             builtin_function = other.builtin_function; // shared_ptr automatically handles sharing
         } else if (type == ValueType::VAL_THUNK) {
             thunk = other.thunk; // shared_ptr automatically handles sharing
+        } else if (type == ValueType::VAL_MODULE) {
+            module_value = other.module_value; // shared module
         } else {
             number = other.number;
         }
@@ -146,6 +157,8 @@ struct Value {
                 builtin_function = other.builtin_function; // shared_ptr automatically handles sharing
             } else if (type == ValueType::VAL_THUNK) {
                 thunk = other.thunk; // shared_ptr automatically handles sharing
+            } else if (type == ValueType::VAL_MODULE) {
+                module_value = other.module_value;
             } else {
                 number = other.number;
             }
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@ struct Value {
     inline bool isBuiltinFunction() const { return type == ValueType::VAL_BUILTIN_FUNCTION; }
     inline bool isArray() const { return type == ValueType::VAL_ARRAY; }
     inline bool isDict() const { return type == ValueType::VAL_DICT; }
+    inline bool isModule() const { return type == ValueType::VAL_MODULE; }
     inline bool isThunk() const { return type == ValueType::VAL_THUNK; }
     inline bool isNone() const { return type == ValueType::VAL_NONE; }
 
@@ -176,6 +190,7 @@ struct Value {
             case ValueType::VAL_THUNK: return "thunk";
             case ValueType::VAL_ARRAY: return "array";
             case ValueType::VAL_DICT: return "dict";
+            case ValueType::VAL_MODULE: return "module";
             default: return "unknown";
         }
     }
@@ -198,6 +213,7 @@ struct Value {
     inline std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& asDict() { 
         return *dict_value; 
     }
+    inline Module* asModule() const { return isModule() ? module_value.get() : nullptr; }
     inline Function* asFunction() const { return isFunction() ? function.get() : nullptr; }
     inline BuiltinFunction* asBuiltinFunction() const { return isBuiltinFunction() ? builtin_function.get() : nullptr; }
     inline Thunk* asThunk() const { return isThunk() ? thunk.get() : nullptr; }
@@ -214,6 +230,7 @@ struct Value {
             case ValueType::VAL_THUNK: return thunk != nullptr;
             case ValueType::VAL_ARRAY: return !array_value->empty();
             case ValueType::VAL_DICT: return !dict_value->empty();
+            case ValueType::VAL_MODULE: return module_value != nullptr;
             default: return false;
         }
     }
@@ -296,6 +313,12 @@ struct Value {
                 result += "}";
                 return result;
             }
+            case ValueType::VAL_MODULE: {
+                // Avoid accessing Module fields when it's still an incomplete type in some TUs.
+                // Delegate formatting to a small helper defined out-of-line in Value.cpp.
+                extern std::string formatModuleForToString(const std::shared_ptr<Module>&);
+                return formatModuleForToString(module_value);
+            }
             default: return "unknown";
         }
     }
@@ -420,9 +443,16 @@ struct Value {
     }
 };
 
+// Define Module after Value so it can hold Value in exports without incomplete type issues
+struct Module {
+    std::string name;
+    std::shared_ptr<std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>> exports;
+    Module() = default;
+    Module(const std::string& n, const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict)
+        : name(n), exports(std::make_shared<std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>>(dict)) {}
+};
+
 // Global constants for common values
 extern const Value NONE_VALUE;
 extern const Value TRUE_VALUE;
 extern const Value FALSE_VALUE;
-extern const Value ZERO_VALUE;
-extern const Value ONE_VALUE; 

src/runtime/Evaluator.cpp

@@ -1,434 +0,0 @@
-#include "Evaluator.h"
-#include "Interpreter.h"
-#include "helperFunctions/HelperFunctions.h"
-
-Evaluator::Evaluator(Interpreter* interpreter) : interpreter(interpreter) {}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitLiteralExpr(const std::shared_ptr<LiteralExpr>& expr) {
-    if (expr->isNull) {
-        return NONE_VALUE;
-    }
-    if (expr->isNumber) {
-        double num;
-        if (expr->value.length() > 2 && expr->value[0] == '0' && expr->value[1] == 'b') {
-            num = binaryStringToLong(expr->value);
-        } else {
-            num = std::stod(expr->value);
-        }
-        return Value(num);
-    }
-    if (expr->isBoolean) {
-        if (expr->value == "true") return TRUE_VALUE;
-        if (expr->value == "false") return FALSE_VALUE;
-    }
-    return Value(expr->value);
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitGroupingExpr(const std::shared_ptr<GroupingExpr>& expression) {
-    return interpreter->evaluate(expression->expression);
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitUnaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<UnaryExpr>& expression)
-{
-    Value right = interpreter->evaluate(expression->right);
-
-    switch (expression->oper.type) {
-        case MINUS:
-            if (!right.isNumber()) {
-                interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-                    "Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme, expression->oper.lexeme);
-                throw std::runtime_error("Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
-            }
-            return Value(-right.asNumber());
-
-        case BANG:
-            return Value(!interpreter->isTruthy(right));
-
-        case BIN_NOT:
-            if (!right.isNumber()) {
-                interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-                    "Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme, expression->oper.lexeme);
-                throw std::runtime_error("Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
-            }
-            return Value(static_cast<double>(~(static_cast<long>(right.asNumber()))));
-
-        default:
-            interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-                "Invalid unary operator: " + expression->oper.lexeme, expression->oper.lexeme);
-            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid unary operator: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
-    }
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitBinaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<BinaryExpr>& expression) {
-    Value left = interpreter->evaluate(expression->left);
-    Value right = interpreter->evaluate(expression->right);
-
-    // Handle logical operators (AND, OR) - these work with any types
-    if (expression->oper.type == AND) {
-        return interpreter->isTruthy(left) ? right : left;
-    }
-    if (expression->oper.type == OR) {
-        return interpreter->isTruthy(left) ? left : right;
-    }
-
-    // Handle equality operators - these work with any types
-    if (expression->oper.type == DOUBLE_EQUAL || expression->oper.type == BANG_EQUAL) {
-        bool equal = interpreter->isEqual(left, right);
-        return Value(expression->oper.type == DOUBLE_EQUAL ? equal : !equal);
-    }
-
-    // Handle comparison operators - only work with numbers
-    if (expression->oper.type == GREATER || expression->oper.type == GREATER_EQUAL || 
-        expression->oper.type == LESS || expression->oper.type == LESS_EQUAL) {
-        
-        if (left.isNumber() && right.isNumber()) {
-            double leftNum = left.asNumber();
-            double rightNum = right.asNumber();
-            
-            switch (expression->oper.type) {
-                case GREATER: return Value(leftNum > rightNum);
-                case GREATER_EQUAL: return Value(leftNum >= rightNum);
-                case LESS: return Value(leftNum < rightNum);
-                case LESS_EQUAL: return Value(leftNum <= rightNum);
-                default: break; // Unreachable
-            }
-        }
-        
-        // Error for non-number comparisons
-        std::string opName;
-        switch (expression->oper.type) {
-            case GREATER: opName = ">"; break;
-            case GREATER_EQUAL: opName = ">="; break;
-            case LESS: opName = "<"; break;
-            case LESS_EQUAL: opName = "<="; break;
-            default: break; // Unreachable
-        }
-        
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-            ErrorUtils::makeOperatorError(opName, left.getType(), right.getType()), opName);
-        throw std::runtime_error(ErrorUtils::makeOperatorError(opName, left.getType(), right.getType()));
-    }
-
-    // Handle all other operators using Value's operator overloads
-    try {
-        switch (expression->oper.type) {
-            case PLUS: return left + right;
-            case MINUS: return left - right;
-            case STAR: return left * right;
-            case SLASH: return left / right;
-            case PERCENT: return left % right;
-            case BIN_AND: return left & right;
-            case BIN_OR: return left | right;
-            case BIN_XOR: return left ^ right;
-            case BIN_SLEFT: return left << right;
-            case BIN_SRIGHT: return left >> right;
-            default:
-                interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-                    "Unknown operator: " + expression->oper.lexeme, expression->oper.lexeme);
-                throw std::runtime_error("Unknown operator: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
-        }
-    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
-        // The Value operators provide good error messages, just add context
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-            e.what(), expression->oper.lexeme);
-        throw;
-    }
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitVarExpr(const std::shared_ptr<VarExpr>& expression)
-{
-    return interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(expression->name);
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitIncrementExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IncrementExpr>& expression) {
-    // Get the current value of the operand
-    Value currentValue = interpreter->evaluate(expression->operand);
-    
-    if (!currentValue.isNumber()) {
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, 
-            "Runtime Error", "Increment/decrement can only be applied to numbers.", "");
-        throw std::runtime_error("Increment/decrement can only be applied to numbers.");
-    }
-    
-    double currentNum = currentValue.asNumber();
-    double newValue;
-    
-    // Determine the operation based on the operator
-    if (expression->oper.type == PLUS_PLUS) {
-        newValue = currentNum + 1.0;
-    } else if (expression->oper.type == MINUS_MINUS) {
-        newValue = currentNum - 1.0;
-    } else {
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, 
-            "Runtime Error", "Invalid increment/decrement operator.", "");
-        throw std::runtime_error("Invalid increment/decrement operator.");
-    }
-    
-    // Update the variable or array element
-    if (auto varExpr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VarExpr>(expression->operand)) {
-        interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(varExpr->name, Value(newValue));
-    } else if (auto arrayExpr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ArrayIndexExpr>(expression->operand)) {
-        // Handle array indexing increment/decrement
-        Value array = interpreter->evaluate(arrayExpr->array);
-        Value index = interpreter->evaluate(arrayExpr->index);
-        
-        if (!array.isArray()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, 
-                "Runtime Error", "Can only index arrays", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Can only index arrays");
-        }
-        
-        if (!index.isNumber()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, 
-                "Runtime Error", "Array index must be a number", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Array index must be a number");
-        }
-        
-        int idx = static_cast<int>(index.asNumber());
-        std::vector<Value>& arr = array.asArray();
-        
-        if (idx < 0 || idx >= static_cast<int>(arr.size())) {
-            interpreter->reportError(arrayExpr->bracket.line, arrayExpr->bracket.column, 
-                "Runtime Error", "Array index out of bounds", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Array index out of bounds");
-        }
-        
-        // Update the array element
-        arr[idx] = Value(newValue);
-    } else {
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, 
-            "Runtime Error", "Increment/decrement can only be applied to variables or array elements.", "");
-        throw std::runtime_error("Increment/decrement can only be applied to variables or array elements.");
-    }
-    
-    // Return the appropriate value based on prefix/postfix
-    if (expression->isPrefix) {
-            return Value(newValue);  // Prefix: return new value
-    } else {
-        return currentValue;     // Postfix: return old value
-    }
-}
-
-
-Value Evaluator::visitAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<AssignExpr>& expression) {
-    Value value = interpreter->evaluate(expression->value);
-    
-    switch (expression->op.type) {
-        case PLUS_EQUAL:
-        case MINUS_EQUAL:
-        case STAR_EQUAL:
-        case SLASH_EQUAL:
-        case PERCENT_EQUAL:
-        case BIN_AND_EQUAL:
-        case BIN_OR_EQUAL:
-        case BIN_XOR_EQUAL:
-        case BIN_SLEFT_EQUAL:
-        case BIN_SRIGHT_EQUAL: {
-            Value currentValue = interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(expression->name);
-            
-            // ... (rest of compound assignment logic) ...
-            
-            break;
-        }
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-    interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(expression->name, value);
-    return value;
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitTernaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<TernaryExpr>& expression) {
-    Value condition = interpreter->evaluate(expression->condition);
-    
-    if (interpreter->isTruthy(condition)) {
-        return interpreter->evaluate(expression->thenExpr);
-    } else {
-        return interpreter->evaluate(expression->elseExpr);
-    }
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitCallExpr(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expression) {
-    Value callee = expression->callee->accept(this);
-    
-    std::vector<Value> arguments;
-    for (const auto& argument : expression->arguments) {
-        arguments.push_back(argument->accept(this));
-    }
-    
-    if (callee.isFunction()) {
-        Function* function = callee.asFunction();
-        
-        // Check arity
-        if (arguments.size() != function->params.size()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Expected " + std::to_string(function->params.size()) + " arguments but got " + 
-                std::to_string(arguments.size()) + ".", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Wrong number of arguments.");
-        }
-        
-        // Create new environment for function call
-        auto environment = std::make_shared<Environment>(function->closure);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < function->params.size(); i++) {
-            environment->define(function->params[i], arguments[i]);
-        }
-        
-        // Execute function body
-        auto previous = interpreter->getEnvironment();
-        interpreter->setEnvironment(environment);
-        
-        ExecutionContext context;
-        context.isFunctionBody = true;
-        
-        try {
-            for (const auto& stmt : function->body) {
-                interpreter->execute(stmt, &context);
-                if (context.hasReturn) {
-                    interpreter->setEnvironment(previous);
-                    return context.returnValue;
-                }
-            }
-        } catch (...) {
-            interpreter->setEnvironment(previous);
-            throw;
-        }
-        
-        interpreter->setEnvironment(previous);
-        return NONE_VALUE;
-        
-    } else if (callee.isBuiltinFunction()) {
-        BuiltinFunction* builtinFunction = callee.asBuiltinFunction();
-        return builtinFunction->func(arguments, expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column);
-        
-    } else {
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column, "Runtime Error",
-            "Can only call functions and classes.", "");
-        throw std::runtime_error("Can only call functions and classes.");
-    }
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitArrayLiteralExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayLiteralExpr>& expr) {
-    std::vector<Value> elements;
-    
-    for (const auto& element : expr->elements) {
-        elements.push_back(interpreter->evaluate(element));
-    }
-    
-    return Value(elements);
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitArrayIndexExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayIndexExpr>& expr) {
-    Value array = expr->array->accept(this);
-    Value index = expr->index->accept(this);
-    
-    if (array.isArray()) {
-        // Handle array indexing
-        if (!index.isNumber()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Array index must be a number", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Array index must be a number");
-        }
-        
-        int idx = static_cast<int>(index.asNumber());
-        const std::vector<Value>& arr = array.asArray();
-        
-        if (idx < 0 || idx >= static_cast<int>(arr.size())) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Array index out of bounds", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Array index out of bounds");
-        }
-        
-        return arr[idx];
-        
-    } else if (array.isDict()) {
-        // Handle dictionary indexing
-        if (!index.isString()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Dictionary key must be a string", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Dictionary key must be a string");
-        }
-        
-        std::string key = index.asString();
-        const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = array.asDict();
-        
-        auto it = dict.find(key);
-        if (it != dict.end()) {
-            return it->second;
-        } else {
-            return NONE_VALUE;  // Return none for missing keys
-        }
-        
-    } else {
-        interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-            "Can only index arrays and dictionaries", "");
-        throw std::runtime_error("Can only index arrays and dictionaries");
-    }
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitArrayAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayAssignExpr>& expr) {
-    Value array = expr->array->accept(this);
-    Value index = expr->index->accept(this);
-    Value value = expr->value->accept(this);
-    
-    if (array.isArray()) {
-        // Handle array assignment
-        if (!index.isNumber()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Array index must be a number", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Array index must be a number");
-        }
-        
-        int idx = static_cast<int>(index.asNumber());
-        std::vector<Value>& arr = array.asArray();
-        
-        if (idx < 0 || idx >= static_cast<int>(arr.size())) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Array index out of bounds", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Array index out of bounds");
-        }
-        
-        arr[idx] = value;
-        return value;
-        
-    } else if (array.isDict()) {
-        // Handle dictionary assignment
-        if (!index.isString()) {
-            interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-                "Dictionary key must be a string", "");
-            throw std::runtime_error("Dictionary key must be a string");
-        }
-        
-        std::string key = index.asString();
-        std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = array.asDict();
-        
-        dict[key] = value;
-        return value;
-        
-    } else {
-        interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
-            "Can only assign to array or dictionary elements", "");
-        throw std::runtime_error("Can only assign to array or dictionary elements");
-    }
-}
-
-
-Value Evaluator::visitDictLiteralExpr(const std::shared_ptr<DictLiteralExpr>& expr) {
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> dict;
-    
-    for (const auto& pair : expr->pairs) {
-        Value value = interpreter->evaluate(pair.second);
-        dict[pair.first] = value;
-    }
-    
-    return Value(dict);
-}
-
-Value Evaluator::visitFunctionExpr(const std::shared_ptr<FunctionExpr>& expression) {
-    std::vector<std::string> paramNames;
-    for (const Token& param : expression->params) {
-        paramNames.push_back(param.lexeme);
-    }
-    
-    auto function = std::make_shared<Function>("", paramNames, expression->body, interpreter->getEnvironment());
-    interpreter->addFunction(function);
-    return Value(function);
-}

src/runtime/Executor.cpp

@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
-#include "Executor.h"
-#include "Evaluator.h"
-#include "Interpreter.h"
-#include <iostream>
-
-Executor::Executor(Interpreter* interpreter, Evaluator* evaluator) 
-    : interpreter(interpreter), evaluator(evaluator) {}
-
-Executor::~Executor() {}
-
-void Executor::interpret(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>>& statements) {
-    for (const auto& statement : statements) {
-        execute(statement, nullptr);
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::execute(const std::shared_ptr<Stmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    statement->accept(this, context);
-}
-
-void Executor::executeBlock(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>>& statements, std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    std::shared_ptr<Environment> previous = interpreter->getEnvironment();
-    interpreter->setEnvironment(env);
-
-    for (const auto& statement : statements) {
-        execute(statement, context);
-        if (context && (context->hasReturn || context->shouldBreak || context->shouldContinue)) {
-            interpreter->setEnvironment(previous);
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-    interpreter->setEnvironment(previous);
-}
-
-void Executor::visitBlockStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BlockStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    auto newEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(interpreter->getEnvironment());
-    executeBlock(statement->statements, newEnv, context);
-}
-
-void Executor::visitExpressionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExpressionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    Value value = statement->expression->accept(evaluator);
-
-    if (interpreter->isInteractiveMode())
-        std::cout << "\u001b[38;5;8m[" << interpreter->stringify(value) << "]\u001b[38;5;15m\n";
-}
-
-void Executor::visitVarStmt(const std::shared_ptr<VarStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    Value value = NONE_VALUE;
-    if (statement->initializer != nullptr) {
-        value = statement->initializer->accept(evaluator);
-    }
-    interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(statement->name.lexeme, value);
-}
-
-void Executor::visitFunctionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    std::vector<std::string> paramNames;
-    for (const Token& param : statement->params) {
-        paramNames.push_back(param.lexeme);
-    }
-    
-    auto function = std::make_shared<Function>(statement->name.lexeme, 
-                                   paramNames, 
-                                   statement->body, 
-                                   interpreter->getEnvironment());
-    interpreter->addFunction(function);
-    interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(statement->name.lexeme, Value(function));
-}
-
-void Executor::visitReturnStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ReturnStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    Value value = NONE_VALUE;
-    if (statement->value != nullptr) {
-        value = statement->value->accept(evaluator);
-    }
-    
-    if (context && context->isFunctionBody) {
-        context->hasReturn = true;
-        context->returnValue = value;
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::visitIfStmt(const std::shared_ptr<IfStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    if (interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator))) {
-        execute(statement->thenBranch, context);
-    } else if (statement->elseBranch != nullptr) {
-        execute(statement->elseBranch, context);
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::visitWhileStmt(const std::shared_ptr<WhileStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    ExecutionContext loopContext;
-    if (context) {
-        loopContext.isFunctionBody = context->isFunctionBody;
-    }
-    
-    while (interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator))) {
-        execute(statement->body, &loopContext);
-        
-        if (loopContext.hasReturn) {
-            if (context) {
-                context->hasReturn = true;
-                context->returnValue = loopContext.returnValue;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldBreak) {
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldContinue) {
-            loopContext.shouldContinue = false;
-            continue;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::visitDoWhileStmt(const std::shared_ptr<DoWhileStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    ExecutionContext loopContext;
-    if (context) {
-        loopContext.isFunctionBody = context->isFunctionBody;
-    }
-    
-    do {
-        execute(statement->body, &loopContext);
-        
-        if (loopContext.hasReturn) {
-            if (context) {
-                context->hasReturn = true;
-                context->returnValue = loopContext.returnValue;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldBreak) {
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldContinue) {
-            loopContext.shouldContinue = false;
-            continue;
-        }
-    } while (interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator)));
-}
-
-void Executor::visitForStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ForStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    if (statement->initializer != nullptr) {
-        execute(statement->initializer, context);
-    }
-    
-    ExecutionContext loopContext;
-    if (context) {
-        loopContext.isFunctionBody = context->isFunctionBody;
-    }
-    
-    while (statement->condition == nullptr || interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator))) {
-        execute(statement->body, &loopContext);
-        
-        if (loopContext.hasReturn) {
-            if (context) {
-                context->hasReturn = true;
-                context->returnValue = loopContext.returnValue;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldBreak) {
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldContinue) {
-            loopContext.shouldContinue = false;
-            if (statement->increment != nullptr) {
-                statement->increment->accept(evaluator);
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        
-        if (statement->increment != nullptr) {
-            statement->increment->accept(evaluator);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::visitBreakStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BreakStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    if (context) {
-        context->shouldBreak = true;
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::visitContinueStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ContinueStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    if (context) {
-        context->shouldContinue = true;
-    }
-}
-
-void Executor::visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    Value value = statement->value->accept(evaluator);
-    
-    if (statement->op.type == EQUAL) {
-        interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(statement->name, value);
-    } else {
-        // Handle compound assignment operators
-        Value currentValue = interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(statement->name);
-        Value newValue;
-        
-        switch (statement->op.type) {
-            case PLUS_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue + value;
-                break;
-            case MINUS_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue - value;
-                break;
-            case STAR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue * value;
-                break;
-            case SLASH_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue / value;
-                break;
-            case PERCENT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue % value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_AND_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue & value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_OR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue | value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_XOR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue ^ value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_SLEFT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue << value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_SRIGHT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue >> value;
-                break;
-            default:
-                interpreter->reportError(statement->op.line, statement->op.column, "Runtime Error",
-                    "Unknown assignment operator: " + statement->op.lexeme, "");
-                throw std::runtime_error("Unknown assignment operator: " + statement->op.lexeme);
-        }
-        
-        interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(statement->name, newValue);
-    }
-}

src/sources/builtinModules/base64.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "base64_module.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include <string>
+
+static const char* B64 = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+static std::string b64encode(const std::string& in){
+    std::string out; out.reserve(((in.size()+2)/3)*4);
+    int val=0, valb=-6;
+    for (unsigned char c : in){
+        val = (val<<8) + c;
+        valb += 8;
+        while (valb >= 0){ out.push_back(B64[(val>>valb)&0x3F]); valb -= 6; }
+    }
+    if (valb>-6) out.push_back(B64[((val<<8)>>(valb+8))&0x3F]);
+    while (out.size()%4) out.push_back('=');
+    return out;
+}
+
+static std::string b64decode(const std::string& in){
+    std::vector<int> T(256,-1); for (int i=0;i<64;i++) T[(unsigned char)B64[i]]=i;
+    std::string out; out.reserve((in.size()*3)/4);
+    int val=0, valb=-8;
+    for (unsigned char c : in){ if (T[c]==-1) break; val=(val<<6)+T[c]; valb+=6; if (valb>=0){ out.push_back(char((val>>valb)&0xFF)); valb-=8; } }
+    return out;
+}
+
+void registerBase64Module(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("base64", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        m.fn("encode", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(b64encode(a[0].asString()));
+        });
+        m.fn("decode", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(b64decode(a[0].asString()));
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/eval.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "eval.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "ErrorReporter.h"
+#include "Lexer.h"
+#include "Parser.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+void registerEvalModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("eval", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        ErrorReporter* er = m.interpreterRef.getErrorReporter();
+        m.fn("eval", [er, &I = m.interpreterRef](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
+            if (args.size() != 1 || !args[0].isString()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, column, "Invalid Arguments", "eval expects exactly 1 string argument", "eval");
+                throw std::runtime_error("eval expects exactly 1 string argument");
+            }
+            std::string code = args[0].asString();
+            std::string evalName = "<eval>";
+            try {
+                if (er) er->pushSource(code, evalName);
+                Lexer lx; if (er) lx.setErrorReporter(er);
+                auto toks = lx.Tokenize(code);
+                Parser p(toks); if (er) p.setErrorReporter(er);
+                auto stmts = p.parse();
+                I.interpret(stmts);
+                return NONE_VALUE;
+            } catch (...) {
+                if (er) er->popSource();
+                throw;
+            }
+            if (er) er->popSource();
+        });
+
+        m.fn("evalFile", [er, &I = m.interpreterRef](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
+            if (args.size() != 1 || !args[0].isString()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, column, "Invalid Arguments", "evalFile expects exactly 1 string argument (path)", "evalFile");
+                throw std::runtime_error("evalFile expects exactly 1 string argument (path)");
+            }
+            std::string filename = args[0].asString();
+            std::ifstream f(filename);
+            if (!f.is_open()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", "Could not open file: " + filename, "");
+                throw std::runtime_error("Could not open file: " + filename);
+            }
+            std::stringstream buf; buf << f.rdbuf(); f.close();
+            std::string code = buf.str();
+            try {
+                if (er) er->pushSource(code, filename);
+                Lexer lx; if (er) lx.setErrorReporter(er);
+                auto toks = lx.Tokenize(code);
+                Parser p(toks); if (er) p.setErrorReporter(er);
+                auto stmts = p.parse();
+                I.interpret(stmts);
+                return NONE_VALUE;
+            } catch (...) {
+                if (er) er->popSource();
+                throw;
+            }
+            if (er) er->popSource();
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/io.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "io.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "ErrorReporter.h"
+
+void registerIoModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("io", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        ErrorReporter* er = m.interpreterRef.getErrorReporter();
+
+        m.fn("readFile", [er](std::vector<Value> a, int line, int col) -> Value {
+            if (a.empty() || !a[0].isString() || a.size() > 2 || (a.size() == 2 && !a[1].isString())) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, col, "Invalid Arguments", "readFile(path[, mode]) expects 1-2 args (strings)", "readFile");
+                throw std::runtime_error("readFile(path[, mode]) expects 1-2 string args");
+            }
+            std::string mode = (a.size() == 2) ? a[1].asString() : std::string("r");
+            std::ios_base::openmode om = std::ios::in;
+            if (mode.find('b') != std::string::npos) om |= std::ios::binary;
+            std::ifstream f(a[0].asString(), om);
+            if (!f.is_open()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, col, "StdLib Error", "Could not open file", a[0].asString());
+                throw std::runtime_error("Could not open file");
+            }
+            std::stringstream buf; buf << f.rdbuf(); f.close();
+            return Value(buf.str());
+        });
+
+        m.fn("writeFile", [er](std::vector<Value> a, int line, int col) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() < 2 || a.size() > 3 || !a[0].isString() || !a[1].isString() || (a.size() == 3 && !a[2].isString())) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, col, "Invalid Arguments", "writeFile(path, data[, mode]) expects 2-3 args (strings)", "writeFile");
+                throw std::runtime_error("writeFile(path, data[, mode]) expects 2-3 string args");
+            }
+            std::string mode = (a.size() == 3) ? a[2].asString() : std::string("w");
+            std::ios_base::openmode om = std::ios::out;
+            if (mode.find('b') != std::string::npos) om |= std::ios::binary;
+            if (mode.find('a') != std::string::npos) om |= std::ios::app; else om |= std::ios::trunc;
+            std::ofstream f(a[0].asString(), om);
+            if (!f.is_open()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, col, "StdLib Error", "Could not create file", a[0].asString());
+                throw std::runtime_error("Could not create file");
+            }
+            f << a[1].asString(); f.close();
+            return NONE_VALUE;
+        });
+
+        m.fn("readLines", [er](std::vector<Value> a, int line, int col) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, col, "Invalid Arguments", "readLines(path) expects 1 string arg", "readLines");
+                throw std::runtime_error("readLines(path) expects 1 string arg");
+            }
+            std::ifstream f(a[0].asString());
+            if (!f.is_open()) {
+                if (er) er->reportError(line, col, "StdLib Error", "Could not open file", a[0].asString());
+                throw std::runtime_error("Could not open file");
+            }
+            std::vector<Value> lines; std::string s;
+            while (std::getline(f, s)) lines.emplace_back(s);
+            f.close();
+            return Value(lines);
+        });
+
+        m.fn("exists", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            std::ifstream f(a[0].asString()); bool ok = f.good(); f.close();
+            return Value(ok);
+        });
+
+        // input remains a global in stdlib; not provided here
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/json.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "json.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <cctype>
+
+// Minimal JSON parser/stringifier (numbers, strings, booleans, null, arrays, objects)
+namespace {
+    struct Cursor { const std::string* s; size_t i = 0; };
+    void skipWs(Cursor& c){ while (c.i < c.s->size() && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>((*c.s)[c.i]))) ++c.i; }
+    bool match(Cursor& c, char ch){ skipWs(c); if (c.i < c.s->size() && (*c.s)[c.i]==ch){ ++c.i; return true;} return false; }
+    std::string parseString(Cursor& c){
+        if (!match(c,'"')) return {};
+        std::string out; while (c.i < c.s->size()){
+            char ch = (*c.s)[c.i++];
+            if (ch=='"') break;
+            if (ch=='\\' && c.i < c.s->size()){
+                char e = (*c.s)[c.i++];
+                switch(e){ case '"': out+='"'; break; case '\\': out+='\\'; break; case '/': out+='/'; break; case 'b': out+='\b'; break; case 'f': out+='\f'; break; case 'n': out+='\n'; break; case 'r': out+='\r'; break; case 't': out+='\t'; break; default: out+=e; }
+            } else out+=ch;
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+    double parseNumber(Cursor& c){ skipWs(c); size_t start=c.i; while (c.i<c.s->size() && (std::isdigit((*c.s)[c.i])||(*c.s)[c.i]=='-'||(*c.s)[c.i]=='+'||(*c.s)[c.i]=='.'||(*c.s)[c.i]=='e'||(*c.s)[c.i]=='E')) ++c.i; return std::stod(c.s->substr(start,c.i-start)); }
+    Value parseValue(Cursor& c);
+    Value parseArray(Cursor& c){
+        match(c,'['); std::vector<Value> arr; skipWs(c); if (match(c,']')) return Value(arr);
+        while (true){ arr.push_back(parseValue(c)); skipWs(c); if (match(c,']')) break; match(c,','); }
+        return Value(arr);
+    }
+    Value parseObject(Cursor& c){
+        match(c,'{'); std::unordered_map<std::string,Value> obj; skipWs(c); if (match(c,'}')) return Value(obj);
+        while (true){ std::string k = parseString(c); match(c,':'); Value v = parseValue(c); obj.emplace(k, v); skipWs(c); if (match(c,'}')) break; match(c,','); }
+        return Value(obj);
+    }
+    Value parseValue(Cursor& c){ skipWs(c); if (c.i>=c.s->size()) return NONE_VALUE; char ch=(*c.s)[c.i];
+        if (ch=='"') return Value(parseString(c));
+        if (ch=='[') return parseArray(c);
+        if (ch=='{') return parseObject(c);
+        if (!c.s->compare(c.i,4,"true")) { c.i+=4; return Value(true);} 
+        if (!c.s->compare(c.i,5,"false")) { c.i+=5; return Value(false);} 
+        if (!c.s->compare(c.i,4,"null")) { c.i+=4; return NONE_VALUE;} 
+        return Value(parseNumber(c));
+    }
+
+    std::string escapeString(const std::string& s){
+        std::string out; out.reserve(s.size()+2); out.push_back('"');
+        for(char ch: s){
+            switch(ch){ case '"': out+="\\\""; break; case '\\': out+="\\\\"; break; case '\n': out+="\\n"; break; case '\r': out+="\\r"; break; case '\t': out+="\\t"; break; default: out+=ch; }
+        }
+        out.push_back('"'); return out;
+    }
+    std::string stringifyValue(const Value& v){
+        switch(v.type){
+            case VAL_NONE: return "null";
+            case VAL_BOOLEAN: return v.asBoolean()?"true":"false";
+            case VAL_NUMBER: return v.toString();
+            case VAL_STRING: return escapeString(v.asString());
+            case VAL_ARRAY: {
+                const auto& a=v.asArray(); std::string out="["; for(size_t i=0;i<a.size();++i){ if(i) out+=","; out+=stringifyValue(a[i]); } out+="]"; return out;
+            }
+            case VAL_DICT: {
+                const auto& d=v.asDict(); std::string out="{"; bool first=true; for(const auto& kv:d){ if(!first) out+=","; first=false; out+=escapeString(kv.first); out+=":"; out+=stringifyValue(kv.second);} out+="}"; return out;
+            }
+            default: return "null";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void registerJsonModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("json", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        m.fn("parse", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            Cursor c{&a[0].asString(), 0};
+            return parseValue(c);
+        });
+        m.fn("stringify", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1) return Value(std::string("null"));
+            return Value(stringifyValue(a[0]));
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/math.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#include "math_module.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include <cmath>
+
+static Value unary_math(std::vector<Value> a, double(*fn)(double)){
+    if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isNumber()) return NONE_VALUE;
+    return Value(fn(a[0].asNumber()));
+}
+
+void registerMathModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("math", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        m.fn("sin", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::sin); });
+        m.fn("cos", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::cos); });
+        m.fn("tan", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::tan); });
+        m.fn("asin", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::asin); });
+        m.fn("acos", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::acos); });
+        m.fn("atan", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::atan); });
+        m.fn("sinh", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::sinh); });
+        m.fn("cosh", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::cosh); });
+        m.fn("tanh", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::tanh); });
+        m.fn("exp", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::exp); });
+        m.fn("log", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::log); });
+        m.fn("log10", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::log10); });
+        m.fn("sqrt", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::sqrt); });
+        m.fn("ceil", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::ceil); });
+        m.fn("floor", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{ return unary_math(a, std::floor); });
+        m.fn("round", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isNumber()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(std::round(a[0].asNumber()));
+        });
+        m.fn("abs", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isNumber()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(std::fabs(a[0].asNumber()));
+        });
+        m.fn("pow", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{
+            if (a.size() != 2 || !a[0].isNumber() || !a[1].isNumber()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(std::pow(a[0].asNumber(), a[1].asNumber()));
+        });
+        m.fn("min", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{
+            if (a.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            double mval = a[0].isNumber()? a[0].asNumber() : 0.0;
+            for(size_t i=1;i<a.size();++i){ if (a[i].isNumber()) mval = std::min(mval, a[i].asNumber()); }
+            return Value(mval);
+        });
+        m.fn("max", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int)->Value{
+            if (a.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            double mval = a[0].isNumber()? a[0].asNumber() : 0.0;
+            for(size_t i=1;i<a.size();++i){ if (a[i].isNumber()) mval = std::max(mval, a[i].asNumber()); }
+            return Value(mval);
+        });
+        m.val("pi", Value(3.14159265358979323846));
+        m.val("e", Value(2.71828182845904523536));
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/os.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include "os.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "Lexer.h"
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <filesystem>
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <windows.h>
+  #include <direct.h>
+  #include <limits.h>
+  #include <io.h>
+  #ifndef PATH_MAX
+    #define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH
+  #endif
+#else
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  #include <sys/types.h>
+  #include <dirent.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+void registerOsModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("os", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        // Process
+        m.fn("getcwd", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            char buf[PATH_MAX];
+            #if defined(_WIN32)
+            if (_getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf))) return Value(std::string(buf));
+            #else
+            if (getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf))) return Value(std::string(buf));
+            #endif
+            return NONE_VALUE;
+        });
+        m.fn("chdir", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            #if defined(_WIN32)
+            int rc = ::_chdir(a[0].asString().c_str());
+            #else
+            int rc = ::chdir(a[0].asString().c_str());
+            #endif
+            return Value(rc == 0);
+        });
+        m.fn("getpid", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            #if defined(_WIN32)
+            return Value(static_cast<double>(GetCurrentProcessId()));
+            #else
+            return Value(static_cast<double>(getpid()));
+            #endif
+        });
+        m.fn("getppid", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            #if defined(_WIN32)
+            return NONE_VALUE; // not directly available; could use Toolhelp32Snapshot if needed
+            #else
+            return Value(static_cast<double>(getppid()));
+            #endif
+        });
+        m.fn("name", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+            return Value(std::string("nt"));
+#else
+            return Value(std::string("posix"));
+#endif
+        });
+
+        // Filesystem
+        m.fn("listdir", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            std::string path = ".";
+            if (!a.empty() && a[0].isString()) path = a[0].asString();
+            std::vector<Value> out;
+            try {
+                for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(path)) {
+                    out.push_back(Value(entry.path().filename().string()));
+                }
+            } catch (...) {}
+            return Value(out);
+        });
+        m.fn("mkdir", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { return Value(fs::create_directory(a[0].asString())); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+        m.fn("rmdir", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { return Value(fs::remove(a[0].asString())); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+        m.fn("remove", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { return Value(fs::remove(a[0].asString())); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+        m.fn("exists", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { return Value(fs::exists(a[0].asString())); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+        m.fn("isfile", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { return Value(fs::is_regular_file(a[0].asString())); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+        m.fn("isdir", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { return Value(fs::is_directory(a[0].asString())); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+        m.fn("rename", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 2 || !a[0].isString() || !a[1].isString()) return Value(false);
+            try { fs::rename(a[0].asString(), a[1].asString()); return Value(true); } catch (...) { return Value(false); }
+        });
+
+        // Separators
+        m.fn("sep", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+            return Value(std::string("\\"));
+#else
+            return Value(std::string("/"));
+#endif
+        });
+        m.fn("pathsep", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+            return Value(std::string(";"));
+#else
+            return Value(std::string(":"));
+#endif
+        });
+        m.fn("linesep", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+            return Value(std::string("\r\n"));
+#else
+            return Value(std::string("\n"));
+#endif
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/path.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "path_module.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <cctype>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+static std::string join_impl(const std::vector<Value>& parts){
+    if (parts.empty()) return std::string();
+    fs::path p;
+    for (const auto& v : parts) if (v.isString()) p /= v.asString();
+    return p.generic_string();
+}
+
+static bool isabs_impl(const std::string& s) {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    if (s.size() >= 2 && (s[0] == '/' || s[0] == '\\')) return true; // root-relative on current drive
+    if (s.rfind("\\\\", 0) == 0) return true; // UNC path
+    if (s.size() >= 3 && std::isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(s[0])) && s[1] == ':' && (s[2] == '/' || s[2] == '\\')) return true; // C:\ or C:/
+    return false;
+#else
+    return !s.empty() && s[0] == '/';
+#endif
+}
+
+void registerPathModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("path", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        m.fn("join", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            return Value(join_impl(a));
+        });
+        m.fn("dirname", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(fs::path(a[0].asString()).parent_path().generic_string());
+        });
+        m.fn("basename", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(fs::path(a[0].asString()).filename().generic_string());
+        });
+        m.fn("splitext", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            fs::path p(a[0].asString());
+            std::string ext = p.has_extension() ? p.extension().generic_string() : std::string("");
+            fs::path basePath = p.has_extension() ? (p.parent_path() / p.stem()) : p;
+            return Value(std::vector<Value>{ Value(basePath.generic_string()), Value(ext) });
+        });
+        m.fn("normalize", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            return Value(fs::path(a[0].asString()).lexically_normal().generic_string());
+        });
+        m.fn("isabs", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()!=1 || !a[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+            return Value(isabs_impl(a[0].asString()));
+        });
+        m.fn("relpath", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size()<1 || a.size()>2 || !a[0].isString() || (a.size()==2 && !a[1].isString())) return NONE_VALUE;
+            fs::path target(a[0].asString());
+            fs::path base = (a.size()==2)? fs::path(a[1].asString()) : fs::current_path();
+            return Value(fs::relative(target, base).generic_string());
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/rand.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "rand.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include <random>
+
+void registerRandModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("rand", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        static std::mt19937_64 rng{std::random_device{}()};
+        m.fn("seed", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() == 1 && a[0].isNumber()) {
+                rng.seed(static_cast<uint64_t>(a[0].asNumber()));
+            }
+            return NONE_VALUE;
+        });
+        m.fn("random", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            std::uniform_real_distribution<double> dist(0.0, 1.0);
+            return Value(dist(rng));
+        });
+        m.fn("randint", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 2 || !a[0].isNumber() || !a[1].isNumber()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            long long lo = static_cast<long long>(a[0].asNumber());
+            long long hi = static_cast<long long>(a[1].asNumber());
+            if (hi < lo) std::swap(lo, hi);
+            std::uniform_int_distribution<long long> dist(lo, hi);
+            return Value(static_cast<double>(dist(rng)));
+        });
+        m.fn("choice", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isArray() || a[0].asArray().empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            const auto& arr = a[0].asArray();
+            std::uniform_int_distribution<size_t> dist(0, arr.size() - 1);
+            return arr[dist(rng)];
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/register.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "register.h"
+#include "sys.h"
+#include "os.h"
+#include "eval.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "time_module.h"
+#include "rand.h"
+#include "math_module.h"
+#include "path_module.h"
+#include "base64_module.h"
+
+void registerAllBuiltinModules(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    registerSysModule(interpreter);
+    registerOsModule(interpreter);
+    registerEvalModule(interpreter);
+    registerIoModule(interpreter);
+    registerTimeModule(interpreter);
+    registerRandModule(interpreter);
+    registerMathModule(interpreter);
+    registerPathModule(interpreter);
+    registerBase64Module(interpreter);
+    // registerJsonModule(interpreter); // deferred pending extensive testing
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/sys.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "sys.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "Environment.h"
+#include "Lexer.h" // for Token and IDENTIFIER
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <windows.h>
+#else
+  #include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Platform-specific includes for memoryUsage()
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define NOMINMAX
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#endif
+
+void registerSysModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("sys", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        Interpreter& I = m.interpreterRef;
+        m.fn("platform", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+            return Value(std::string("win32"));
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+            return Value(std::string("darwin"));
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+            return Value(std::string("linux"));
+#else
+            return Value(std::string("unknown"));
+#endif
+        });
+        m.fn("version", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value { return Value(std::string("0.0.3")); });
+        // argv(): array of strings
+        m.fn("argv", [&I](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            std::vector<Value> out;
+            for (const auto& s : I.getArgv()) out.push_back(Value(s));
+            return Value(out);
+        });
+        // executable(): absolute path to the running binary (host-provided)
+        m.fn("executable", [&I](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value { return Value(I.getExecutablePath()); });
+        // modules(): read-only snapshot of module cache
+        m.fn("modules", [&I](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            Value dictVal = Value(std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>{});
+            auto snapshot = I.getModuleCacheSnapshot();
+            return Value(snapshot);
+        });
+        // memoryUsage(): process RSS in MB (best effort per-platform)
+        m.fn("memoryUsage", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (!a.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            size_t memoryBytes = 0;
+#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
+            // macOS
+            struct mach_task_basic_info info;
+            mach_msg_type_number_t infoCount = MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
+            if (task_info(mach_task_self(), MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t)&info, &infoCount) == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+                memoryBytes = info.resident_size;
+            }
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+            // Linux
+            std::ifstream statusFile("/proc/self/status");
+            std::string line;
+            while (std::getline(statusFile, line)) {
+                if (line.substr(0, 6) == "VmRSS:") {
+                    std::istringstream iss(line);
+                    std::string label, value, unit;
+                    iss >> label >> value >> unit;
+                    memoryBytes = std::stoull(value) * 1024; // KB -> bytes
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+            // Windows
+            PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc;
+            if (GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), &pmc, sizeof(pmc))) {
+                memoryBytes = pmc.WorkingSetSize;
+            }
+#endif
+            double memoryMB = static_cast<double>(memoryBytes) / (1024.0 * 1024.0);
+            return Value(memoryMB);
+        });
+        m.fn("exit", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            int code = 0; if (!a.empty() && a[0].isNumber()) code = static_cast<int>(a[0].asNumber());
+            std::exit(code);
+            return NONE_VALUE;
+        });
+        // env/cwd/pid moved to os; keep sys minimal
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/builtinModules/time.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "time_module.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "Environment.h"
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+
+void registerTimeModule(Interpreter& interpreter) {
+    interpreter.registerModule("time", [](Interpreter::ModuleBuilder& m) {
+        m.fn("now", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            using namespace std::chrono;
+            auto now = system_clock::now().time_since_epoch();
+            auto us = duration_cast<microseconds>(now).count();
+            return Value(static_cast<double>(us));
+        });
+        m.fn("monotonic", [](std::vector<Value>, int, int) -> Value {
+            using namespace std::chrono;
+            auto now = steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch();
+            auto us = duration_cast<microseconds>(now).count();
+            return Value(static_cast<double>(us));
+        });
+        m.fn("sleep", [](std::vector<Value> a, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (a.size() != 1 || !a[0].isNumber()) return NONE_VALUE;
+            double seconds = a[0].asNumber();
+            if (seconds < 0) return NONE_VALUE;
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(static_cast<int>(seconds * 1000)));
+            return NONE_VALUE;
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+

src/sources/cli/bob.cpp

@@ -3,35 +3,23 @@
 #include "bob.h"
 #include "Parser.h"
 
+void Bob::ensureInterpreter(bool interactive) {
+    if (!interpreter) interpreter = msptr(Interpreter)(interactive);
+    applyPendingConfigs();
+}
+
 void Bob::runFile(const std::string& path)
 {
-    this->interpreter = msptr(Interpreter)(false);
+    ensureInterpreter(false);
-    std::ifstream file = std::ifstream(path);
+    interpreter->addStdLibFunctions();
-
+    if (!evalFile(path)) {
-    std::string source;
+        std::cout << "Execution failed\n";
-
-    if(file.is_open()){
-        source = std::string(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
     }
-    else
-    {
-        std::cout << "File not found\n";
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Load source code into error reporter for context
-    errorReporter.loadSource(source, path);
-    
-    // Connect error reporter to interpreter
-    interpreter->setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-    
-    this->run(source);
 }
 
 void Bob::runPrompt()
 {
-    this->interpreter = msptr(Interpreter)(true);
+    ensureInterpreter(true);
-
     std::cout << "Bob v" << VERSION << ", 2025\n";
     while(true)
     {
@@ -46,50 +34,40 @@ void Bob::runPrompt()
 
         // Reset error state before each REPL command
         errorReporter.resetErrorState();
+        interpreter->addStdLibFunctions();
+        (void)evalString(line, "REPL");
+    }
+}
 
-        // Load source code into error reporter for context
+bool Bob::evalFile(const std::string& path) {
-        errorReporter.loadSource(line, "REPL");
+    std::ifstream file(path);
-        
+    if (!file.is_open()) return false;
-        // Connect error reporter to interpreter
+    std::string src((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+    errorReporter.loadSource(src, path);
     interpreter->setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-        
-        this->run(line);
-    }
-}
-
-void Bob::run(std::string source)
-{
     try {
-        // Connect error reporter to lexer
         lexer.setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-        
+        auto tokens = lexer.Tokenize(src);
-        std::vector<Token> tokens = lexer.Tokenize(std::move(source));
         Parser p(tokens);
-        
-        // Connect error reporter to parser
         p.setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-        
+        auto statements = p.parse();
-        std::vector<sptr(Stmt)> statements = p.parse();
         interpreter->interpret(statements);
-    }
+        return true;
-    catch(std::exception &e)
+    } catch (...) { return false; }
-    {
+}
-        // Only suppress errors that have already been reported by the error reporter
-        if (errorReporter.hasReportedError()) {
-            return;
-        }
 
-        // For errors that weren't reported (like parser errors, undefined variables, etc.)
+bool Bob::evalString(const std::string& code, const std::string& filename) {
-        // print them normally
+    errorReporter.loadSource(code, filename);
-        std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n';
+    interpreter->setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-        return;
+    try {
-    }
+        lexer.setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-    catch(const std::exception& e)
+        auto tokens = lexer.Tokenize(code);
-    {
+        Parser p(tokens);
-        // Unknown error - report it since it wasn't handled by the interpreter
+        p.setErrorReporter(&errorReporter);
-        errorReporter.reportError(0, 0, "Unknown Error", "An unknown error occurred: " + std::string(e.what()));
+        auto statements = p.parse();
-        return;
+        interpreter->interpret(statements);
-    }
+        return true;
+    } catch (...) { return false; }
 }
 
 

src/sources/cli/main.cpp

@@ -2,13 +2,27 @@
 
 //
 #include "bob.h"
+#include "Interpreter.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
     Bob bobLang;
+    // Enable open preset (all builtins, file imports allowed)
+    bobLang.setSafetyPreset("open");
+   
 
     if(argc > 1) {
+        // Seed argv/executable for sys module
+        std::vector<std::string> args; for (int i = 2; i < argc; ++i) args.emplace_back(argv[i]);
+        bobLang.registerModule("__configure_sys_argv__", [args, execPath = std::string(argv[0])](ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder& m){
+            m.interpreterRef.setArgv(args, execPath);
+        });
         bobLang.runFile(argv[1]);
     } else {
+        // For REPL, use interactive mode and seed empty argv
+        std::vector<std::string> args;
+        bobLang.registerModule("__configure_sys_argv__", [args, execPath = std::string(argv[0])](ModuleRegistry::ModuleBuilder& m){
+            m.interpreterRef.setArgv(args, execPath);
+        });
         bobLang.runPrompt();
     }
 

src/sources/parsing/ErrorReporter.cpp

@@ -56,6 +56,29 @@ void ErrorReporter::loadSource(const std::string& source, const std::string& fil
     }
 }
 
+void ErrorReporter::pushSource(const std::string& source, const std::string& fileName) {
+    // Save current
+    sourceStack.push_back(sourceLines);
+    fileNameStack.push_back(currentFileName);
+    // Load new
+    loadSource(source, fileName);
+}
+
+void ErrorReporter::popSource() {
+    if (!sourceStack.empty()) {
+        sourceLines = sourceStack.back();
+        sourceStack.pop_back();
+    } else {
+        sourceLines.clear();
+    }
+    if (!fileNameStack.empty()) {
+        currentFileName = fileNameStack.back();
+        fileNameStack.pop_back();
+    } else {
+        currentFileName.clear();
+    }
+}
+
 void ErrorReporter::reportError(int line, int column, const std::string& errorType, const std::string& message, const std::string& operator_, bool showArrow) {
     hadError = true;
     displaySourceContext(line, column, errorType, message, operator_, showArrow);
@@ -75,6 +98,8 @@ void ErrorReporter::reportErrorWithContext(const ErrorContext& context) {
     
     if (!context.fileName.empty()) {
         std::cout << colorize("File: ", Colors::BOLD) << colorize(context.fileName, Colors::CYAN) << "\n";
+    } else if (!currentFileName.empty()) {
+        std::cout << colorize("File: ", Colors::BOLD) << colorize(currentFileName, Colors::CYAN) << "\n";
     }
     
     std::cout << colorize("Location: ", Colors::BOLD) << colorize("Line " + std::to_string(context.line) + 

src/sources/parsing/Lexer.cpp

@@ -363,18 +363,14 @@ std::vector<Token> Lexer::Tokenize(std::string source){
 
                 }
                 if(!isNotation) {
-                    if (!src.empty() && src[0] == '.') {
+                    // Only treat '.' as part of the number if followed by a digit
-                        advance();
+                    if (src.size() > 1 && src[0] == '.' && std::isdigit(src[1])) {
-                        if (!src.empty() && std::isdigit(src[0])) {
+                        advance(); // consume '.'
                         num += '.';
                         while (!src.empty() && std::isdigit(src[0])) {
                             num += src[0];
                             advance();
                         }
-                        } else {
-                            throw std::runtime_error("LEXER: malformed number at: " + std::to_string(this->line));
-                        }
-
                     }
                 }
                 else

src/sources/parsing/Parser.cpp

@@ -252,21 +252,35 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::postfix()
 {
     sptr(Expr) expr = primary();
 
-    // Check for postfix increment/decrement
+    while (true) {
+        if (match({OPEN_PAREN})) {
+            expr = finishCall(expr);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (match({OPEN_BRACKET})) {
+            expr = finishArrayIndex(expr);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (match({DOT})) {
+            Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected property name after '.'.");
+            expr = msptr(PropertyExpr)(expr, name);
+            continue;
+        }
         if (match({PLUS_PLUS, MINUS_MINUS})) {
             Token oper = previous();
-        
-        // Ensure the expression is a variable or array indexing
             if (!std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VarExpr>(expr) &&
-            !std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ArrayIndexExpr>(expr)) {
+                !std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ArrayIndexExpr>(expr) &&
+                !std::dynamic_pointer_cast<PropertyExpr>(expr)) {
                 if (errorReporter) {
                     errorReporter->reportError(oper.line, oper.column, "Parse Error",
                         "Postfix increment/decrement can only be applied to variables or array elements", "");
                 }
                 throw std::runtime_error("Postfix increment/decrement can only be applied to variables or array elements.");
             }
-        
+            expr = msptr(IncrementExpr)(expr, oper, false);
-        return msptr(IncrementExpr)(expr, oper, false);  // false = postfix
+            continue;
+        }
+        break;
     }
 
     return expr;
@@ -281,8 +295,15 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::primary()
     if(match({NUMBER})) return msptr(LiteralExpr)(previous().lexeme, true, false, false);
     if(match({STRING})) return msptr(LiteralExpr)(previous().lexeme, false, false, false);
 
-    if(match( {IDENTIFIER})) {
+    if(match( {IDENTIFIER, THIS, SUPER})) {
-        return call();
+        Token ident = previous();
+        if (ident.type == THIS) {
+            return msptr(VarExpr)(Token{IDENTIFIER, "this", ident.line, ident.column});
+        }
+        if (ident.type == SUPER) {
+            return msptr(VarExpr)(Token{IDENTIFIER, "super", ident.line, ident.column});
+        }
+        return msptr(VarExpr)(ident);
     }
 
     if(match({OPEN_PAREN}))
@@ -360,7 +381,13 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::dictLiteral()
 
 sptr(Expr) Parser::call()
 {
-    sptr(Expr) expr = msptr(VarExpr)(previous());
+    Token ident = previous();
+    sptr(Expr) expr;
+    if (ident.type == THIS) {
+        expr = msptr(VarExpr)(Token{IDENTIFIER, "this", ident.line, ident.column});
+    } else {
+        expr = msptr(VarExpr)(ident);
+    }
     
     while (true) {
         if (match({OPEN_PAREN})) {
@@ -396,6 +423,8 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::declaration()
     try{
         if(match({VAR})) return varDeclaration();
         if(match({FUNCTION})) return functionDeclaration();
+        if(match({CLASS})) return classDeclaration();
+        if(match({EXTENSION})) return extensionDeclaration();
         return statement();
     }
     catch(std::runtime_error& e)
@@ -405,6 +434,86 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::declaration()
     }
 }
 
+sptr(Stmt) Parser::classDeclaration() {
+    Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected class name.");
+    bool hasParent = false;
+    Token parentName{};
+    if (match({EXTENDS})) {
+        hasParent = true;
+        parentName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected parent class name after 'extends'.");
+    }
+    consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' after class declaration.");
+
+    std::vector<ClassField> fields;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
+
+    while (!check(CLOSE_BRACE) && !isAtEnd()) {
+        if (match({VAR})) {
+            Token fieldName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected field name.");
+            std::shared_ptr<Expr> init = nullptr;
+            if (match({EQUAL})) {
+                init = expression();
+            }
+            consume(SEMICOLON, "Expected ';' after field declaration.");
+            fields.emplace_back(fieldName, init);
+        } else if (match({FUNCTION})) {
+            Token methodName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected method name.");
+            consume(OPEN_PAREN, "Expected '(' after method name.");
+            std::vector<Token> parameters;
+            if (!check(CLOSE_PAREN)) {
+                do {
+                    parameters.push_back(consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected parameter name."));
+                } while (match({COMMA}));
+            }
+            consume(CLOSE_PAREN, "Expected ')' after parameters.");
+            consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' before method body.");
+            enterFunction();
+            std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body = block();
+            exitFunction();
+            methods.push_back(msptr(FunctionStmt)(methodName, parameters, body));
+        } else {
+            if (errorReporter) {
+                errorReporter->reportError(peek().line, peek().column, "Parse Error", "Expected 'var' or 'func' in class body", "");
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid class member");
+        }
+    }
+
+    consume(CLOSE_BRACE, "Expected '}' after class body.");
+    return msptr(ClassStmt)(name, hasParent, parentName, fields, methods);
+}
+
+sptr(Stmt) Parser::extensionDeclaration() {
+    Token target = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected extension target (class/builtin/any).");
+    consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' after extension target.");
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
+    while (!check(CLOSE_BRACE) && !isAtEnd()) {
+        if (match({FUNCTION})) {
+            Token methodName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected method name.");
+            consume(OPEN_PAREN, "Expected '(' after method name.");
+            std::vector<Token> parameters;
+            if (!check(CLOSE_PAREN)) {
+                do {
+                    parameters.push_back(consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected parameter name."));
+                } while (match({COMMA}));
+            }
+            consume(CLOSE_PAREN, "Expected ')' after parameters.");
+            consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' before method body.");
+            enterFunction();
+            std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body = block();
+            exitFunction();
+            methods.push_back(msptr(FunctionStmt)(methodName, parameters, body));
+        } else {
+            if (errorReporter) {
+                errorReporter->reportError(peek().line, peek().column, "Parse Error", "Expected 'func' in extension body", "");
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error("Invalid extension member");
+        }
+    }
+    consume(CLOSE_BRACE, "Expected '}' after extension body.");
+    return msptr(ExtensionStmt)(target, methods);
+}
+
 sptr(Stmt) Parser::varDeclaration()
 {
     Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected variable name.");
@@ -477,6 +586,13 @@ std::shared_ptr<Expr> Parser::functionExpression() {
 sptr(Stmt) Parser::statement()
 {
     if(match({RETURN})) return returnStatement();
+    if(match({IMPORT})) return importStatement();
+    // Fallback if lexer didn't classify keyword: detect by lexeme
+    if (check(IDENTIFIER) && peek().lexeme == "import") { advance(); return importStatement(); }
+    if(match({FROM})) return fromImportStatement();
+    if (check(IDENTIFIER) && peek().lexeme == "from") { advance(); return fromImportStatement(); }
+    if(match({TRY})) return tryStatement();
+    if(match({THROW})) return throwStatement();
     if(match({IF})) return ifStatement();
     if(match({DO})) return doWhileStatement();
     if(match({WHILE})) return whileStatement();
@@ -486,7 +602,7 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::statement()
     if(match({OPEN_BRACE})) return msptr(BlockStmt)(block());
     
     // Check for assignment statement - simplified approach
-    if(check(IDENTIFIER)) {
+    if(check(IDENTIFIER) || check(THIS)) {
         // Try to parse as assignment expression first
         int currentPos = current;
         try {
@@ -511,6 +627,43 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::statement()
     return expressionStatement();
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<Stmt> Parser::importStatement() {
+    Token importTok = previous();
+    // import Name [as Alias] | import "path"
+    bool isString = check(STRING);
+    Token mod = isString ? advance() : consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected module name or path string after 'import'.");
+    // Keep IDENTIFIER for name-based imports; resolver will try file and then builtin
+    bool hasAlias = false; Token alias;
+    if (match({AS})) {
+        hasAlias = true;
+        alias = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected alias identifier after 'as'.");
+    }
+    consume(SEMICOLON, "Expected ';' after import statement.");
+    return msptr(ImportStmt)(importTok, mod, hasAlias, alias);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Stmt> Parser::fromImportStatement() {
+    Token fromTok = previous();
+    bool isString = check(STRING);
+    Token mod = isString ? advance() : consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected module name or path string after 'from'.");
+    // Keep IDENTIFIER for name-based from-imports
+    consume(IMPORT, "Expected 'import' after module name.");
+    // Support star-import: from module import *;
+    if (match({STAR})) {
+        consume(SEMICOLON, "Expected ';' after from-import statement.");
+        return msptr(FromImportStmt)(fromTok, mod, true);
+    }
+    std::vector<FromImportStmt::ImportItem> items;
+    do {
+        Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected name to import.");
+        bool hasAlias = false; Token alias;
+        if (match({AS})) { hasAlias = true; alias = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected alias identifier after 'as'."); }
+        items.push_back({name, hasAlias, alias});
+    } while (match({COMMA}));
+    consume(SEMICOLON, "Expected ';' after from-import statement.");
+    return msptr(FromImportStmt)(fromTok, mod, items);
+}
+
 sptr(Stmt) Parser::assignmentStatement()
 {
     Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected variable name for assignment.");
@@ -676,6 +829,35 @@ std::vector<sptr(Stmt)> Parser::block()
     return statements;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<Stmt> Parser::tryStatement() {
+    // try { ... } (catch (e) { ... })? (finally { ... })?
+    auto tryBlock = statement();
+    Token catchVar{IDENTIFIER, "", previous().line, previous().column};
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> catchBlock = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<Stmt> finallyBlock = nullptr;
+    if (match({CATCH})) {
+        consume(OPEN_PAREN, "Expected '(' after 'catch'.");
+        // Allow optional identifier: catch() or catch(e)
+        if (!check(CLOSE_PAREN)) {
+            Token var = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected identifier for catch variable.");
+            catchVar = var;
+        }
+        consume(CLOSE_PAREN, "Expected ')' after catch variable.");
+        catchBlock = statement();
+    }
+    if (match({FINALLY})) {
+        finallyBlock = statement();
+    }
+    return msptr(TryStmt)(tryBlock, catchVar, catchBlock, finallyBlock);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Stmt> Parser::throwStatement() {
+    Token kw = previous();
+    auto val = expression();
+    consume(SEMICOLON, "Expected ';' after throw expression.");
+    return msptr(ThrowStmt)(kw, val);
+}
+
 sptr(Expr) Parser::finishCall(sptr(Expr) callee) {
     std::vector<sptr(Expr)> arguments;
     

src/sources/runtime/Environment.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,15 @@
 #include "ErrorReporter.h"
 
 void Environment::assign(const Token& name, const Value& value) {
+    // Disallow reassignment of module bindings (immutability of module variable)
+    auto itv = variables.find(name.lexeme);
+    if (itv != variables.end() && itv->second.isModule()) {
+        if (errorReporter) {
+            errorReporter->reportError(name.line, name.column, "Import Error",
+                "Cannot reassign module binding '" + name.lexeme + "'", "");
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cannot reassign module binding '" + name.lexeme + "'");
+    }
     auto it = variables.find(name.lexeme);
     if (it != variables.end()) {
         it->second = value;
@@ -13,7 +22,9 @@ void Environment::assign(const Token& name, const Value& value) {
         return;
     }
     
+    // Report only if not within a try; otherwise let try/catch handle
     if (errorReporter) {
+        // We cannot check tryDepth here directly; rely on Executor to suppress double-reporting
         errorReporter->reportError(name.line, name.column, "Runtime Error", 
             "Undefined variable '" + name.lexeme + "'", "");
     }
@@ -37,27 +48,14 @@ Value Environment::get(const Token& name) {
     throw std::runtime_error("Undefined variable '" + name.lexeme + "'");
 }
 
-Value Environment::get(const std::string& name) {
-    auto it = variables.find(name);
-    if (it != variables.end()) {
-        return it->second;
-    }
  
-    if (parent != nullptr) {
-        return parent->get(name);
-    }
-    
-    throw std::runtime_error("Undefined variable '" + name + "'");
-} 
 
 void Environment::pruneForClosureCapture() {
     for (auto &entry : variables) {
         Value &v = entry.second;
         if (v.isArray()) {
-            // Replace with a new empty array to avoid mutating original shared storage
             entry.second = Value(std::vector<Value>{});
         } else if (v.isDict()) {
-            // Replace with a new empty dict to avoid mutating original shared storage
             entry.second = Value(std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>{});
         }
     }

src/sources/runtime/Evaluator.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "Evaluator.h"
 #include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "Environment.h"
+#include "AssignmentUtils.h"
 #include "helperFunctions/HelperFunctions.h"
 
 Evaluator::Evaluator(Interpreter* interpreter) : interpreter(interpreter) {}
@@ -35,8 +37,6 @@ Value Evaluator::visitUnaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<UnaryExpr>& expression)
     switch (expression->oper.type) {
         case MINUS:
             if (!right.isNumber()) {
-                interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-                    "Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme, expression->oper.lexeme);
                 throw std::runtime_error("Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
             }
             return Value(-right.asNumber());
@@ -46,8 +46,6 @@ Value Evaluator::visitUnaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<UnaryExpr>& expression)
 
         case BIN_NOT:
             if (!right.isNumber()) {
-                interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-                    "Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme, expression->oper.lexeme);
                 throw std::runtime_error("Operand must be a number when using: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
             }
             return Value(static_cast<double>(~(static_cast<long>(right.asNumber()))));
@@ -104,8 +102,6 @@ Value Evaluator::visitBinaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<BinaryExpr>& expression)
             default: break; // Unreachable
         }
         
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-            ErrorUtils::makeOperatorError(opName, left.getType(), right.getType()), opName);
         throw std::runtime_error(ErrorUtils::makeOperatorError(opName, left.getType(), right.getType()));
     }
 
@@ -115,8 +111,23 @@ Value Evaluator::visitBinaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<BinaryExpr>& expression)
             case PLUS: return left + right;
             case MINUS: return left - right;
             case STAR: return left * right;
-            case SLASH: return left / right;
+            case SLASH: {
-            case PERCENT: return left % right;
+                if (right.isNumber() && right.asNumber() == 0.0) {
+                    // Report precise site for division by zero
+                    interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column,
+                                             "Runtime Error", "Division by zero", "/");
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Division by zero");
+                }
+                return left / right;
+            }
+            case PERCENT: {
+                if (right.isNumber() && right.asNumber() == 0.0) {
+                    interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column,
+                                             "Runtime Error", "Modulo by zero", "%");
+                    throw std::runtime_error("Modulo by zero");
+                }
+                return left % right;
+            }
             case BIN_AND: return left & right;
             case BIN_OR: return left | right;
             case BIN_XOR: return left ^ right;
@@ -128,10 +139,7 @@ Value Evaluator::visitBinaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<BinaryExpr>& expression)
                 throw std::runtime_error("Unknown operator: " + expression->oper.lexeme);
         }
     } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
-        // The Value operators provide good error messages, just add context
+        throw; // Propagate to statement driver (try/catch) without reporting here
-        interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, "Runtime Error", 
-            e.what(), expression->oper.lexeme);
-        throw;
     }
 }
 
@@ -164,7 +172,7 @@ Value Evaluator::visitIncrementExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IncrementExpr>& expres
         throw std::runtime_error("Invalid increment/decrement operator.");
     }
     
-    // Update the variable or array element
+    // Update the variable, array element, or object property
     if (auto varExpr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VarExpr>(expression->operand)) {
         interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(varExpr->name, Value(newValue));
     } else if (auto arrayExpr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ArrayIndexExpr>(expression->operand)) {
@@ -195,6 +203,14 @@ Value Evaluator::visitIncrementExpr(const std::shared_ptr<IncrementExpr>& expres
         
         // Update the array element
         arr[idx] = Value(newValue);
+    } else if (auto propExpr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<PropertyExpr>(expression->operand)) {
+        // obj.prop++ / obj.prop--
+        Value object = interpreter->evaluate(propExpr->object);
+        if (!object.isDict()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Can only increment/decrement properties on objects");
+        }
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = object.asDict();
+        dict[propExpr->name.lexeme] = Value(newValue);
     } else {
         interpreter->reportError(expression->oper.line, expression->oper.column, 
             "Runtime Error", "Increment/decrement can only be applied to variables or array elements.", "");
@@ -214,74 +230,24 @@ Value Evaluator::visitAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<AssignExpr>& expression)
     Value value = interpreter->evaluate(expression->value);
 
     if (expression->op.type == EQUAL) {
-        try {
-            // Check if the variable existed and whether it held a collection
-            bool existed = false;
-            bool wasCollection = false;
-            try {
-                Value oldValue = interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(expression->name);
-                existed = true;
-                wasCollection = oldValue.isArray() || oldValue.isDict();
-            } catch (...) {
-                existed = false;
-            }
-
         // Assign first to release references held by the old values
         interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(expression->name, value);
-
+        // Perform cleanup on any reassignment
-            // Now that the old values are released, perform cleanup on any reassignment
         interpreter->forceCleanup();
-        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+        return value;
-            std::cerr << "Error during assignment: " << e.what() << std::endl;
-            throw; // Re-throw to see the full stack trace
     }
-    } else {
+
-        // Handle compound assignment operators
+    // Compound assignment operators
     Value currentValue = interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(expression->name);
-        Value newValue;
+    try {
-        
+        Value newValue = computeCompoundAssignment(currentValue, expression->op.type, value);
-        switch (expression->op.type) {
-            case PLUS_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue + value;
-                break;
-            case MINUS_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue - value;
-                break;
-            case STAR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue * value;
-                break;
-            case SLASH_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue / value;
-                break;
-            case PERCENT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue % value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_AND_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue & value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_OR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue | value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_XOR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue ^ value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_SLEFT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue << value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_SRIGHT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue >> value;
-                break;
-            default:
-                interpreter->reportError(expression->op.line, expression->op.column, "Runtime Error",
-                    "Unknown assignment operator: " + expression->op.lexeme, "");
-                throw std::runtime_error("Unknown assignment operator: " + expression->op.lexeme);
-        }
-        
         interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(expression->name, newValue);
         return newValue;
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error&) {
+        interpreter->reportError(expression->op.line, expression->op.column, "Runtime Error",
+                                 "Unknown assignment operator: " + expression->op.lexeme, "");
+        throw;
     }
-    
-    return value;
 }
 
 Value Evaluator::visitTernaryExpr(const std::shared_ptr<TernaryExpr>& expression) {
@@ -318,6 +284,7 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayIndexExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayIndexExpr>& expr
         if (!index.isNumber()) {
         interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
             "Array index must be a number", "");
+        interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
             throw std::runtime_error("Array index must be a number");
         }
         
@@ -327,6 +294,7 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayIndexExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayIndexExpr>& expr
         if (idx < 0 || idx >= static_cast<int>(arr.size())) {
         interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
             "Array index out of bounds", "");
+        interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
             throw std::runtime_error("Array index out of bounds");
         }
         
@@ -337,6 +305,7 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayIndexExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayIndexExpr>& expr
         if (!index.isString()) {
         interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
             "Dictionary key must be a string", "");
+        interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
             throw std::runtime_error("Dictionary key must be a string");
         }
         
@@ -353,6 +322,7 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayIndexExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayIndexExpr>& expr
     } else {
         interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
             "Can only index arrays and dictionaries", "");
+        interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
         throw std::runtime_error("Can only index arrays and dictionaries");
     }
 }
@@ -361,13 +331,142 @@ Value Evaluator::visitPropertyExpr(const std::shared_ptr<PropertyExpr>& expr) {
     Value object = expr->object->accept(this);
     std::string propertyName = expr->name.lexeme;
     
-    if (object.isDict()) {
+    if (object.isModule()) {
-        return getDictProperty(object, propertyName);
+        // Forward to module exports
+        auto* mod = object.asModule();
+        if (mod && mod->exports) {
+            auto it = mod->exports->find(propertyName);
+            if (it != mod->exports->end()) return it->second;
+        }
+        return NONE_VALUE;
+    } else if (object.isDict()) {
+        Value v = getDictProperty(object, propertyName);
+        if (!v.isNone()) {
+            // If this is an inherited inline method, prefer a current-class extension override
+            if (v.isFunction()) {
+                const auto& d = object.asDict();
+                std::string curCls;
+                auto itc = d.find("__class");
+                if (itc != d.end() && itc->second.isString()) curCls = itc->second.asString();
+                Function* f = v.asFunction();
+                if (f && !curCls.empty() && !f->ownerClass.empty() && f->ownerClass != curCls) {
+                    if (auto ext = interpreter->lookupExtension(curCls, propertyName)) {
+                        return Value(ext);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return v;
+        }
+        // Fallback to class extensions with inheritance walk
+        const auto& d = object.asDict();
+        std::string cls = "";
+        auto it = d.find("__class");
+        if (it != d.end() && it->second.isString()) cls = it->second.asString();
+        if (!cls.empty()) {
+            std::string cur = cls;
+            while (!cur.empty()) {
+                if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension(cur, propertyName)) return Value(fn);
+                cur = interpreter->getParentClass(cur);
+            }
+        }
+        // Provide method-style builtins on dict
+        if (propertyName == "len") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.len", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                return Value(static_cast<double>(object.asDict().size()));
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        } else if (propertyName == "keys") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.keys", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                std::vector<Value> keys; const auto& m = object.asDict();
+                for (const auto& kv : m) keys.push_back(Value(kv.first));
+                return Value(keys);
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        } else if (propertyName == "values") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.values", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                std::vector<Value> vals; const auto& m = object.asDict();
+                for (const auto& kv : m) vals.push_back(kv.second);
+                return Value(vals);
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        } else if (propertyName == "has") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.has", [object](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                if (args.size() != 1 || !args[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+                const auto& m = object.asDict();
+                return Value(m.find(args[0].asString()) != m.end());
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        }
+        // Fallback to dict and any extensions
+        if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension("dict", propertyName)) return Value(fn);
+        if (auto anyFn = interpreter->lookupExtension("any", propertyName)) return Value(anyFn);
+        return NONE_VALUE;
     } else if (object.isArray()) {
-        return getArrayProperty(object, propertyName);
+        Value v = getArrayProperty(object, propertyName);
+        if (!v.isNone()) return v;
+        // Provide method-style builtins on array
+        if (propertyName == "len") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.len", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                return Value(static_cast<double>(object.asArray().size()));
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        } else if (propertyName == "push") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.push", [object](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(object.asArray());
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) arr.push_back(args[i]);
+                return object;
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        } else if (propertyName == "pop") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.pop", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(object.asArray());
+                if (arr.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
+                Value v = arr.back();
+                arr.pop_back();
+                return v;
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        }
+        // Fallback to array extensions
+        if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension("array", propertyName)) return Value(fn);
+        if (auto anyFn = interpreter->lookupExtension("any", propertyName)) return Value(anyFn);
+        return NONE_VALUE;
     } else {
+        // Try extension dispatch for built-ins and any
+        std::string target;
+        if (object.isString()) target = "string";
+        else if (object.isNumber()) target = "number";
+        else if (object.isArray()) target = "array"; // handled above, but keep for completeness
+        else if (object.isDict()) target = "dict";   // handled above
+        else target = object.isModule() ? "any" : "any";
+
+        // Provide method-style builtins for string/number
+        if (object.isString() && propertyName == "len") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("string.len", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                return Value(static_cast<double>(object.asString().length()));
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        }
+        if (object.isNumber() && propertyName == "toInt") {
+            auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("number.toInt", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
+                return Value(static_cast<double>(static_cast<long long>(object.asNumber())));
+            });
+            return Value(bf);
+        }
+
+        if (object.isModule()) {
+            // Modules are immutable and have no dynamic methods
+            return NONE_VALUE;
+        }
+        auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension(target, propertyName);
+        if (!object.isModule() && fn) { return Value(fn); }
+        if (auto anyFn = interpreter->lookupExtension("any", propertyName)) {
+            return Value(anyFn);
+        }
+
         interpreter->reportError(expr->name.line, expr->name.column, "Runtime Error",
             "Cannot access property '" + propertyName + "' on this type", "");
+        interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
         throw std::runtime_error("Cannot access property '" + propertyName + "' on this type");
     }
 }
@@ -380,8 +479,11 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayAssignExpr>& ex
     if (array.isArray()) {
         // Handle array assignment
         if (!index.isNumber()) {
+            if (!interpreter->isInTry()) {
                 interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
                     "Array index must be a number", "");
+                interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
+            }
             throw std::runtime_error("Array index must be a number");
         }
         
@@ -389,8 +491,11 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayAssignExpr>& ex
         std::vector<Value>& arr = array.asArray();
         
         if (idx < 0 || idx >= static_cast<int>(arr.size())) {
+            if (!interpreter->isInTry()) {
                 interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
                     "Array index out of bounds", "");
+                interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
+            }
             throw std::runtime_error("Array index out of bounds");
         }
         
@@ -400,8 +505,11 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayAssignExpr>& ex
     } else if (array.isDict()) {
         // Handle dictionary assignment
         if (!index.isString()) {
+            if (!interpreter->isInTry()) {
                 interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
                     "Dictionary key must be a string", "");
+                interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
+            }
             throw std::runtime_error("Dictionary key must be a string");
         }
         
@@ -412,8 +520,11 @@ Value Evaluator::visitArrayAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<ArrayAssignExpr>& ex
         return value;
         
     } else {
+        if (!interpreter->isInTry()) {
             interpreter->reportError(expr->bracket.line, expr->bracket.column, "Runtime Error",
                 "Can only assign to array or dictionary elements", "");
+            interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
+        }
         throw std::runtime_error("Can only assign to array or dictionary elements");
     }
 }
@@ -435,14 +546,25 @@ Value Evaluator::visitPropertyAssignExpr(const std::shared_ptr<PropertyAssignExp
     Value value = expr->value->accept(this);
     std::string propertyName = expr->name.lexeme;
     
-    if (object.isDict()) {
+    if (object.isModule()) {
+        // Modules are immutable: disallow setting properties
+        if (!interpreter->isInTry()) {
+            interpreter->reportError(expr->name.line, expr->name.column, "Import Error",
+                "Cannot assign property '" + propertyName + "' on module (immutable)", "");
+            interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Cannot assign property on module (immutable)");
+    } else if (object.isDict()) {
         // Modify the dictionary in place
         std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = object.asDict();
         dict[propertyName] = value;
         return value;  // Return the assigned value
     } else {
+        if (!interpreter->isInTry()) {
             interpreter->reportError(expr->name.line, expr->name.column, "Runtime Error",
                 "Cannot assign property '" + propertyName + "' on non-object", "");
+            interpreter->markInlineErrorReported();
+        }
         throw std::runtime_error("Cannot assign property '" + propertyName + "' on non-object");
     }
 }
@@ -453,10 +575,8 @@ Value Evaluator::visitFunctionExpr(const std::shared_ptr<FunctionExpr>& expressi
         paramNames.push_back(param.lexeme);
     }
     
-    // Capture a snapshot of the current environment so loop vars like 'i' are frozen per iteration
     auto closureEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(*interpreter->getEnvironment());
     closureEnv->pruneForClosureCapture();
-    
     auto function = std::make_shared<Function>("", paramNames, expression->body, closureEnv);
     return Value(function);
 }

src/sources/runtime/Executor.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #include "Executor.h"
 #include "Evaluator.h"
 #include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "Environment.h"
+#include "Parser.h"
+#include "AssignmentUtils.h"
 #include <iostream>
 
 Executor::Executor(Interpreter* interpreter, Evaluator* evaluator) 
@@ -9,13 +12,47 @@ Executor::Executor(Interpreter* interpreter, Evaluator* evaluator)
 Executor::~Executor() {}
 
 void Executor::interpret(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>>& statements) {
+    ExecutionContext top;
     for (const auto& statement : statements) {
-        execute(statement, nullptr);
+        execute(statement, &top);
+        if (top.hasThrow) break;
+    }
+    if (top.hasThrow) {
+        // If already reported inline, don't double-report here
+        if (!interpreter->hasInlineErrorReported()) {
+            std::string msg = "Uncaught exception";
+            if (top.thrownValue.isString()) msg = top.thrownValue.asString();
+            if (top.thrownValue.isDict()) {
+                auto& d = top.thrownValue.asDict();
+                auto it = d.find("message");
+                if (it != d.end() && it->second.isString()) msg = it->second.asString();
+            }
+            int line = top.throwLine;
+            int col = top.throwColumn;
+            if (line == 0 && col == 0) { line = interpreter->getLastErrorLine(); col = interpreter->getLastErrorColumn(); }
+            interpreter->reportError(line, col, "Runtime Error", msg, "");
+        }
+        // Clear inline marker after handling
+        interpreter->clearInlineErrorReported();
     }
 }
 
 void Executor::execute(const std::shared_ptr<Stmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
+    try {
         statement->accept(this, context);
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
+        if (context) {
+            std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> err;
+            err["type"] = Value(std::string("RuntimeError"));
+            err["message"] = Value(std::string(e.what()));
+            context->hasThrow = true;
+            context->thrownValue = Value(err);
+            if (context->throwLine == 0 && context->throwColumn == 0) {
+                context->throwLine = interpreter->getLastErrorLine();
+                context->throwColumn = interpreter->getLastErrorColumn();
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void Executor::executeBlock(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>>& statements, std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, ExecutionContext* context) {
@@ -24,7 +61,14 @@ void Executor::executeBlock(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>>& statements
 
     for (const auto& statement : statements) {
         execute(statement, context);
-        if (context && (context->hasReturn || context->shouldBreak || context->shouldContinue)) {
+        // Bridge any pending throws from expression evaluation into the context
+        Value pending; int pl=0, pc=0;
+        if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(pending, &pl, &pc)) {
+            if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = pending; context->throwLine = pl; context->throwColumn = pc; }
+        }
+        // If an inline reporter already handled this error and we are at top level (no try),
+        // avoid reporting it again here.
+        if (context && (context->hasReturn || context->shouldBreak || context->shouldContinue || context->hasThrow)) {
             interpreter->setEnvironment(previous);
             return;
         }
@@ -39,6 +83,11 @@ void Executor::visitBlockStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BlockStmt>& statement, Execu
 
 void Executor::visitExpressionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExpressionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
     Value value = statement->expression->accept(evaluator);
+    Value thrown; int tl=0, tc=0;
+    if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrown, &tl, &tc)) {
+        if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrown; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; }
+        return;
+    }
 
     if (interpreter->isInteractiveMode())
         std::cout << "\u001b[38;5;8m[" << interpreter->stringify(value) << "]\u001b[38;5;15m\n";
@@ -48,6 +97,8 @@ void Executor::visitVarStmt(const std::shared_ptr<VarStmt>& statement, Execution
     Value value = NONE_VALUE;
     if (statement->initializer != nullptr) {
         value = statement->initializer->accept(evaluator);
+        Value thrownInit; int tl=0, tc=0;
+        if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrownInit, &tl, &tc)) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrownInit; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; } return; }
     }
     interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(statement->name.lexeme, value);
 }
@@ -79,7 +130,10 @@ void Executor::visitReturnStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ReturnStmt>& statement, Exe
 }
 
 void Executor::visitIfStmt(const std::shared_ptr<IfStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    if (interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator))) {
+    Value condValIf = statement->condition->accept(evaluator);
+    Value thrownIf; int tl=0, tc=0;
+    if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrownIf, &tl, &tc)) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrownIf; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; } return; }
+    if (interpreter->isTruthy(condValIf)) {
         execute(statement->thenBranch, context);
     } else if (statement->elseBranch != nullptr) {
         execute(statement->elseBranch, context);
@@ -94,7 +148,7 @@ void Executor::visitWhileStmt(const std::shared_ptr<WhileStmt>& statement, Execu
     
     while (interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator))) {
         execute(statement->body, &loopContext);
-        
+        if (loopContext.hasThrow) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = loopContext.thrownValue; context->throwLine = loopContext.throwLine; context->throwColumn = loopContext.throwColumn; } break; }
         if (loopContext.hasReturn) {
             if (context) {
                 context->hasReturn = true;
@@ -120,26 +174,17 @@ void Executor::visitDoWhileStmt(const std::shared_ptr<DoWhileStmt>& statement, E
         loopContext.isFunctionBody = context->isFunctionBody;
     }
     
-    do {
+    while (true) {
         execute(statement->body, &loopContext);
-        
+        if (loopContext.hasThrow) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = loopContext.thrownValue; context->throwLine = loopContext.throwLine; context->throwColumn = loopContext.throwColumn; } break; }
-        if (loopContext.hasReturn) {
+        if (loopContext.hasReturn) { if (context) { context->hasReturn = true; context->returnValue = loopContext.returnValue; } break; }
-            if (context) {
+        if (loopContext.shouldBreak) { break; }
-                context->hasReturn = true;
+        if (loopContext.shouldContinue) { loopContext.shouldContinue = false; }
-                context->returnValue = loopContext.returnValue;
+        Value c = statement->condition->accept(evaluator);
+        Value thrown; int tl=0, tc=0;
+        if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrown, &tl, &tc)) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrown; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; } break; }
+        if (!interpreter->isTruthy(c)) break;
     }
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldBreak) {
-            break;
-        }
-        
-        if (loopContext.shouldContinue) {
-            loopContext.shouldContinue = false;
-            continue;
-        }
-    } while (interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator)));
 }
 
 void Executor::visitForStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ForStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
@@ -152,9 +197,15 @@ void Executor::visitForStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ForStmt>& statement, Execution
         loopContext.isFunctionBody = context->isFunctionBody;
     }
     
-    while (statement->condition == nullptr || interpreter->isTruthy(statement->condition->accept(evaluator))) {
+    while (true) {
+        if (statement->condition != nullptr) {
+            Value c = statement->condition->accept(evaluator);
+            Value thrown; int tl=0, tc=0;
+            if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrown, &tl, &tc)) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrown; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; } break; }
+            if (!interpreter->isTruthy(c)) break;
+        }
         execute(statement->body, &loopContext);
-        
+        if (loopContext.hasThrow) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = loopContext.thrownValue; } break; }
         if (loopContext.hasReturn) {
             if (context) {
                 context->hasReturn = true;
@@ -171,12 +222,16 @@ void Executor::visitForStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ForStmt>& statement, Execution
             loopContext.shouldContinue = false;
             if (statement->increment != nullptr) {
                 statement->increment->accept(evaluator);
+                Value thrown; int tl=0, tc=0;
+                if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrown, &tl, &tc)) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrown; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; } break; }
             }
             continue;
         }
         
         if (statement->increment != nullptr) {
             statement->increment->accept(evaluator);
+            Value thrown; int tl=0, tc=0;
+            if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(thrown, &tl, &tc)) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = thrown; context->throwLine = tl; context->throwColumn = tc; } break; }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -193,67 +248,250 @@ void Executor::visitContinueStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ContinueStmt>& statement,
     }
 }
 
+void Executor::visitTryStmt(const std::shared_ptr<TryStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
+    interpreter->enterTry();
+    // Temporarily detach the reporter so any direct uses (e.g., in Environment) won't print inline
+    auto savedReporter = interpreter->getErrorReporter();
+    interpreter->setErrorReporter(nullptr);
+    ExecutionContext inner;
+    if (context) inner.isFunctionBody = context->isFunctionBody;
+    execute(statement->tryBlock, &inner);
+    // Also capture any pending throw signaled by expressions
+    Value pending; int pl=0, pc=0;
+    if (interpreter->consumePendingThrow(pending, &pl, &pc)) {
+        inner.hasThrow = true;
+        inner.thrownValue = pending;
+        inner.throwLine = pl;
+        inner.throwColumn = pc;
+    }
+    // If thrown, handle catch
+    if (inner.hasThrow && statement->catchBlock) {
+        auto saved = interpreter->getEnvironment();
+        auto env = std::make_shared<Environment>(saved);
+        env->setErrorReporter(nullptr);
+        // Bind catch var if provided
+        if (!statement->catchVar.lexeme.empty()) {
+            env->define(statement->catchVar.lexeme, inner.thrownValue);
+        }
+        interpreter->setEnvironment(env);
+        ExecutionContext catchCtx;
+        catchCtx.isFunctionBody = inner.isFunctionBody;
+        execute(statement->catchBlock, &catchCtx);
+        inner.hasThrow = catchCtx.hasThrow;
+        inner.thrownValue = catchCtx.thrownValue;
+        inner.throwLine = catchCtx.throwLine;
+        inner.throwColumn = catchCtx.throwColumn;
+        interpreter->setEnvironment(saved);
+    }
+    // finally always
+    if (statement->finallyBlock) {
+        ExecutionContext fctx;
+        fctx.isFunctionBody = inner.isFunctionBody;
+        execute(statement->finallyBlock, &fctx);
+        if (fctx.hasReturn) { if (context) { context->hasReturn = true; context->returnValue = fctx.returnValue; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+        if (fctx.hasThrow) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = fctx.thrownValue; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+        if (fctx.shouldBreak) { if (context) { context->shouldBreak = true; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+        if (fctx.shouldContinue) { if (context) { context->shouldContinue = true; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+    }
+    // propagate remaining control flow
+    if (inner.hasReturn) { if (context) { context->hasReturn = true; context->returnValue = inner.returnValue; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+    if (inner.hasThrow) { if (context) { context->hasThrow = true; context->thrownValue = inner.thrownValue; context->throwLine = inner.throwLine; context->throwColumn = inner.throwColumn; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+    if (inner.shouldBreak) { if (context) { context->shouldBreak = true; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+    if (inner.shouldContinue) { if (context) { context->shouldContinue = true; } interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter); interpreter->exitTry(); return; }
+    interpreter->setErrorReporter(savedReporter);
+    interpreter->exitTry();
+}
+
+void Executor::visitThrowStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ThrowStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
+    Value v = statement->value ? statement->value->accept(evaluator) : NONE_VALUE;
+    if (context) {
+        context->hasThrow = true;
+        context->thrownValue = v;
+        context->throwLine = statement->keyword.line;
+        context->throwColumn = statement->keyword.column;
+    }
+}
+
+void Executor::visitImportStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ImportStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
+    // Determine spec (string literal or identifier)
+    std::string spec = statement->moduleName.lexeme; // already STRING with .bob from parser if name-based
+    Value mod = interpreter->importModule(spec, statement->importToken.line, statement->importToken.column);
+    std::string bindName;
+    if (statement->hasAlias) {
+        bindName = statement->alias.lexeme;
+    } else {
+        // Derive default binding name from module path: basename without extension
+        std::string path = statement->moduleName.lexeme;
+        // Strip directories
+        size_t pos = path.find_last_of("/\\");
+        std::string base = (pos == std::string::npos) ? path : path.substr(pos + 1);
+        // Strip .bob
+        if (base.size() > 4 && base.substr(base.size() - 4) == ".bob") {
+            base = base.substr(0, base.size() - 4);
+        }
+        bindName = base;
+    }
+    interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(bindName, mod);
+}
+
+void Executor::visitFromImportStmt(const std::shared_ptr<FromImportStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
+    std::string spec = statement->moduleName.lexeme; // already STRING with .bob from parser if name-based
+    // Star-import case
+    if (statement->importAll) {
+        // Import the module and bind all public exports into current environment
+        Value mod = interpreter->importModule(spec, statement->fromToken.line, statement->fromToken.column);
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>* src = nullptr;
+        if (mod.isModule()) src = mod.asModule()->exports.get(); else if (mod.isDict()) src = &mod.asDict();
+        if (!src) { throw std::runtime_error("from-import * on non-module"); }
+        for (const auto& kv : *src) {
+            const std::string& name = kv.first;
+            if (!name.empty() && name[0] == '_') continue; // skip private
+            interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(name, kv.second);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    // Build item list name->alias
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string,std::string>> items;
+    for (const auto& it : statement->items) {
+        items.emplace_back(it.name.lexeme, it.hasAlias ? it.alias.lexeme : it.name.lexeme);
+    }
+    if (!interpreter->fromImport(spec, items, statement->fromToken.line, statement->fromToken.column)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("from-import failed");
+    }
+}
+
 void Executor::visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    try {
     Value value = statement->value->accept(evaluator);
 
     if (statement->op.type == EQUAL) {
-            try {
         // Assign first to release references held by the old value
         interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(statement->name, value);
-                
+        // Clean up on any reassignment
-                // Clean up on any reassignment, regardless of old/new type
         interpreter->forceCleanup();
-            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+        return;
-                std::cerr << "Error during assignment: " << e.what() << std::endl;
-                throw; // Re-throw to see the full stack trace
     }
-        } else {
-        // Handle compound assignment operators
-        Value currentValue = interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(statement->name);
-        Value newValue;
 
-        switch (statement->op.type) {
+    // Compound assignment operators
-            case PLUS_EQUAL:
+    Value currentValue = interpreter->getEnvironment()->get(statement->name);
-                newValue = currentValue + value;
+    try {
-                break;
+        Value newValue = computeCompoundAssignment(currentValue, statement->op.type, value);
-            case MINUS_EQUAL:
+        interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(statement->name, newValue);
-                newValue = currentValue - value;
+    } catch (const std::runtime_error&) {
-                break;
-            case STAR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue * value;
-                break;
-            case SLASH_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue / value;
-                break;
-            case PERCENT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue % value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_AND_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue & value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_OR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue | value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_XOR_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue ^ value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_SLEFT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue << value;
-                break;
-            case BIN_SRIGHT_EQUAL:
-                newValue = currentValue >> value;
-                break;
-            default:
         interpreter->reportError(statement->op.line, statement->op.column, "Runtime Error",
                                  "Unknown assignment operator: " + statement->op.lexeme, "");
-                throw std::runtime_error("Unknown assignment operator: " + statement->op.lexeme);
+        throw;
-        }
+    }
-        
+}
-        interpreter->getEnvironment()->assign(statement->name, newValue);
+
-    }
+void Executor::visitClassStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ClassStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
-    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> classDict;
-        std::cerr << "Error in visitAssignStmt: " << e.what() << std::endl;
+    // If parent exists, copy parent's methods as defaults (single inheritance prototype copy)
-        throw; // Re-throw to see the full stack trace
+    if (statement->hasParent) {
+        interpreter->registerClass(statement->name.lexeme, statement->parentName.lexeme);
+    } else {
+        interpreter->registerClass(statement->name.lexeme, "");
+    }
+    // Predefine fields as none, capture this class's field initializers, and register them for inheritance evaluation
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expr>>> fieldInitializers;
+    for (const auto& f : statement->fields) {
+        classDict[f.name.lexeme] = NONE_VALUE;
+        fieldInitializers.emplace_back(f.name.lexeme, f.initializer);
+    }
+
+    // Attach methods as functions closed over a prototype env
+    auto protoEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(interpreter->getEnvironment());
+    protoEnv->pruneForClosureCapture();
+
+    for (const auto& method : statement->methods) {
+        std::vector<std::string> paramNames;
+        for (const Token& p : method->params) paramNames.push_back(p.lexeme);
+        auto fn = std::make_shared<Function>(method->name.lexeme, paramNames, method->body, protoEnv, statement->name.lexeme);
+        classDict[method->name.lexeme] = Value(fn);
+    }
+
+    // Save template to interpreter so instances can include inherited fields/methods
+    interpreter->setClassTemplate(statement->name.lexeme, classDict);
+    // Register field initializers for this class
+    interpreter->setClassFieldInitializers(statement->name.lexeme, fieldInitializers);
+
+    // Define a constructor function Name(...) that builds an instance dict
+    auto ctorName = statement->name.lexeme;
+    auto ctor = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>(ctorName, [runtime=interpreter, className=statement->name.lexeme, fieldInitializers](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int col) -> Value {
+        Value instance(std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>{});
+        auto& dictRef = instance.asDict();
+        // Merge class template including inherited members
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> tmpl = runtime->buildMergedTemplate(className);
+        for (const auto& kv : tmpl) dictRef[kv.first] = kv.second;
+        // Tag instance with class name for extension lookup
+        dictRef["__class"] = Value(className);
+        // Evaluate field initializers across inheritance chain (parent-to-child order)
+        {
+            // Build chain from base to current
+            std::vector<std::string> chain;
+            std::string cur = className;
+            while (!cur.empty()) { chain.push_back(cur); cur = runtime->getParentClass(cur); }
+            std::reverse(chain.begin(), chain.end());
+            auto saved = runtime->getEnvironment();
+            auto env = std::make_shared<Environment>(saved);
+            env->setErrorReporter(nullptr);
+            env->define("this", instance);
+            runtime->setEnvironment(env);
+            for (const auto& cls : chain) {
+                std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expr>>> inits;
+                if (runtime->getClassFieldInitializers(cls, inits)) {
+                    for (const auto& kv : inits) {
+                        const std::string& fieldName = kv.first;
+                        const auto& expr = kv.second;
+                        if (expr) {
+                            Value v = runtime->evaluate(expr);
+                            dictRef[fieldName] = v;
+                            // Expose field names as locals for subsequent initializers
+                            env->define(fieldName, v);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            runtime->setEnvironment(saved);
+        }
+        // Auto-call init if present: create call env with this and params
+        auto it = dictRef.find("init");
+        if (it != dictRef.end() && it->second.isFunction()) {
+            Function* fn = it->second.asFunction();
+            // New environment from closure
+            std::shared_ptr<Environment> newEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(fn->closure);
+            newEnv->setErrorReporter(nullptr);
+            newEnv->define("this", instance);
+            // Seed current class for proper super resolution within init
+            if (fn && !fn->ownerClass.empty()) {
+                newEnv->define("__currentClass", Value(fn->ownerClass));
+            }
+            // Bind params
+            size_t n = std::min(fn->params.size(), args.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                newEnv->define(fn->params[i], args[i]);
+            }
+            // Execute body
+            auto envSaved = runtime->getEnvironment();
+            runtime->setEnvironment(newEnv);
+            ExecutionContext ctx; ctx.isFunctionBody = true;
+            for (const auto& stmt : fn->body) {
+                runtime->execute(stmt, &ctx);
+                if (ctx.hasReturn) break;
+            }
+            runtime->setEnvironment(envSaved);
+        }
+        return instance;
+    });
+
+    interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(statement->name.lexeme, Value(ctor));
+}
+
+void Executor::visitExtensionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExtensionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
+    auto target = statement->target.lexeme;
+    for (const auto& method : statement->methods) {
+        std::vector<std::string> params;
+        for (const Token& p : method->params) params.push_back(p.lexeme);
+        auto fn = std::make_shared<Function>(method->name.lexeme, params, method->body, interpreter->getEnvironment(), target);
+        interpreter->registerExtension(target, method->name.lexeme, fn);
     }
 }

src/sources/runtime/Interpreter.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,19 @@
 #include "Interpreter.h"
+#include "register.h"
 #include "Evaluator.h"
 #include "Executor.h"
 #include "BobStdLib.h"
+#include "ErrorReporter.h"
+#include "Environment.h"
+#include "Expression.h"
+#include "Parser.h"
+#include <filesystem>
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  #include <direct.h>
+#else
+  #include <unistd.h>
+#endif
+#include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
 
 Interpreter::Interpreter(bool isInteractive) 
@@ -9,6 +21,11 @@ Interpreter::Interpreter(bool isInteractive)
     evaluator = std::make_unique<Evaluator>(this);
     executor = std::make_unique<Executor>(this, evaluator.get());
     environment = std::make_shared<Environment>();
+    // Default module search paths: current dir and tests
+    moduleSearchPaths = { ".", "tests" };
+
+    // Register all builtin modules via aggregator
+    registerAllBuiltinModules(*this);
 }
 
 Interpreter::~Interpreter() = default;
@@ -32,6 +49,25 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Expr>& expr) {
     }
     return runTrampoline(result);
 }
+bool Interpreter::defineGlobalVar(const std::string& name, const Value& value) {
+    if (!environment) return false;
+    try {
+        environment->define(name, value);
+        return true;
+    } catch (...) { return false; }
+}
+
+bool Interpreter::tryGetGlobalVar(const std::string& name, Value& out) const {
+    if (!environment) return false;
+    try {
+        out = environment->get(Token{IDENTIFIER, name, 0, 0});
+        return true;
+    } catch (...) { return false; }
+}
+
+bool Interpreter::hasReportedError() const {
+    return inlineErrorReported;
+}
 
 Value Interpreter::runTrampoline(Value initialResult) {
     Value current = initialResult;
@@ -56,14 +92,169 @@ std::string Interpreter::stringify(Value object) {
 void Interpreter::addStdLibFunctions() {
     BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(environment, *this, errorReporter);
 }
+void Interpreter::setModulePolicy(bool allowFiles, bool preferFiles, const std::vector<std::string>& searchPaths) {
+    allowFileImports = allowFiles;
+    preferFileOverBuiltin = preferFiles;
+    moduleSearchPaths = searchPaths;
+}
+
+static std::string joinPath(const std::string& baseDir, const std::string& rel) {
+    namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+    fs::path p = fs::path(baseDir) / fs::path(rel);
+    return fs::path(p).lexically_normal().string();
+}
+
+static std::string locateModuleFile(const std::string& baseDir, const std::vector<std::string>& searchPaths, const std::string& nameDotBob) {
+    namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+    // Only search relative to the importing file's directory
+    // 1) baseDir/name.bob
+    if (!baseDir.empty()) {
+        std::string p = joinPath(baseDir, nameDotBob);
+        if (fs::exists(fs::path(p))) return p;
+    }
+    // 2) baseDir/searchPath/name.bob (search paths are relative to baseDir)
+    for (const auto& sp : searchPaths) {
+        if (!baseDir.empty()) {
+            std::string pb = joinPath(baseDir, joinPath(sp, nameDotBob));
+            if (fs::exists(fs::path(pb))) return pb;
+        }
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+Value Interpreter::importModule(const std::string& spec, int line, int column) {
+    // Determine if spec is a path string (heuristic: contains '/' or ends with .bob)
+    bool looksPath = spec.find('/') != std::string::npos || (spec.size() >= 4 && spec.rfind(".bob") == spec.size() - 4) || spec.find("..") != std::string::npos;
+    // Cache key resolution
+    std::string key = spec;
+    std::string baseDir = "";
+    if (errorReporter && !errorReporter->getCurrentFileName().empty()) {
+        std::filesystem::path p(errorReporter->getCurrentFileName());
+        baseDir = p.has_parent_path() ? p.parent_path().string() : baseDir;
+    }
+    if (looksPath) {
+        if (!allowFileImports) {
+            reportError(line, column, "Import Error", "File imports are disabled by policy", spec);
+            throw std::runtime_error("File imports disabled");
+        }
+        // Resolve STRING path specs:
+        // - Absolute: use as-is
+        // - Starts with ./ or ../: resolve relative to the importing file directory (baseDir)
+        // - Otherwise: resolve relative to current working directory
+        if (!spec.empty() && spec[0] == '/') {
+            key = spec;
+        } else if (spec.rfind("./", 0) == 0 || spec.rfind("../", 0) == 0) {
+            key = joinPath(baseDir, spec);
+        } else {
+            // Resolve all non-absolute paths relative to the importing file directory only
+            key = joinPath(baseDir, spec);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Name import: try file in baseDir or search paths; else builtin
+        if (preferFileOverBuiltin && allowFileImports) {
+            std::string found = locateModuleFile(baseDir, moduleSearchPaths, spec + ".bob");
+            if (!found.empty()) { key = found; looksPath = true; }
+        }
+        if (!looksPath && allowBuiltinImports && builtinModules.has(spec)) {
+            key = std::string("builtin:") + spec;
+        }
+    }
+    // Return from cache
+    auto it = moduleCache.find(key);
+    if (it != moduleCache.end()) return it->second;
+
+    // If still not a path, it must be builtin or missing
+    if (!looksPath) {
+        if (!builtinModules.has(spec)) {
+            reportError(line, column, "Import Error", "Module not found: " + spec + ".bob", spec);
+            throw std::runtime_error("Module not found");
+        }
+        // Builtin: return from cache or construct and cache
+        auto itc = moduleCache.find(key);
+        if (itc != moduleCache.end()) return itc->second;
+        Value v = builtinModules.create(spec, *this);
+        if (v.isNone()) { // cloaked by policy
+            reportError(line, column, "Import Error", "Module not found: " + spec + ".bob", spec);
+            throw std::runtime_error("Module not found");
+        }
+        moduleCache[key] = v;
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    // File module: read and execute in isolated env
+    std::ifstream file(key);
+    if (!file.is_open()) {
+        reportError(line, column, "Import Error", "Could not open module file: " + key, spec);
+        throw std::runtime_error("Module file open failed");
+    }
+    std::string code((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+    file.close();
+
+    // Prepare reporter with module source
+    if (errorReporter) errorReporter->pushSource(code, key);
+
+    // New lexer and parser
+    Lexer lx; if (errorReporter) lx.setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
+    std::vector<Token> toks = lx.Tokenize(code);
+    Parser p(toks); if (errorReporter) p.setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> stmts = p.parse();
+
+    // Isolated environment
+    auto saved = getEnvironment();
+    auto modEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(saved);
+    modEnv->setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
+    setEnvironment(modEnv);
+
+    // Execute
+    executor->interpret(stmts);
+
+    // Build module object from env
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> exported = modEnv->getAll();
+    // Derive module name from key basename
+    std::string modName = key;
+    size_t pos = modName.find_last_of("/\\"); if (pos != std::string::npos) modName = modName.substr(pos+1);
+    if (modName.size() > 4 && modName.substr(modName.size()-4) == ".bob") modName = modName.substr(0, modName.size()-4);
+    auto m = std::make_shared<Module>(modName, exported);
+    Value moduleVal(m);
+    // Cache
+    moduleCache[key] = moduleVal;
+
+    // Restore env and reporter
+    setEnvironment(saved);
+    if (errorReporter) errorReporter->popSource();
+    return moduleVal;
+}
+
+bool Interpreter::fromImport(const std::string& spec, const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& items, int line, int column) {
+    Value mod = importModule(spec, line, column);
+    if (!(mod.isModule() || mod.isDict())) {
+        reportError(line, column, "Import Error", "Module did not evaluate to a module", spec);
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> const* src = nullptr;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> temp;
+    if (mod.isModule()) {
+        // Module exports
+        src = mod.asModule()->exports.get();
+    } else {
+        src = &mod.asDict();
+    }
+    for (const auto& [name, alias] : items) {
+        auto it = src->find(name);
+        if (it == src->end()) {
+            reportError(line, column, "Import Error", "Name not found in module: " + name, spec);
+            return false;
+        }
+        environment->define(alias, it->second);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
 
 void Interpreter::addBuiltinFunction(std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction> func) {
     builtinFunctions.push_back(func);
 }
 
-void Interpreter::addThunk(std::shared_ptr<Thunk> thunk) {
+ 
-    thunks.push_back(thunk);
-}
 
 void Interpreter::addFunction(std::shared_ptr<Function> function) {
     functions.push_back(function);
@@ -74,7 +265,6 @@ void Interpreter::setErrorReporter(ErrorReporter* reporter) {
     if (environment) {
         environment->setErrorReporter(reporter);
     }
-    addStdLibFunctions();
 }
 
 bool Interpreter::isInteractiveMode() const {
@@ -90,6 +280,12 @@ void Interpreter::setEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env) {
 }
 
 void Interpreter::reportError(int line, int column, const std::string& errorType, const std::string& message, const std::string& lexeme) {
+    // Always track last error site
+    setLastErrorSite(line, column);
+    // Suppress inline printing while inside try; error will propagate to catch/finally
+    if (isInTry()) {
+        return;
+    }
     if (errorReporter) {
         errorReporter->reportError(line, column, errorType, message, lexeme);
     }
@@ -107,22 +303,277 @@ void Interpreter::forceCleanup() {
     diagnostics.forceCleanup(builtinFunctions, functions, thunks);
 }
 
+void Interpreter::registerExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName, std::shared_ptr<Function> fn) {
+    // Builtin targets routed to builtinExtensions
+    if (targetName == "string" || targetName == "array" || targetName == "dict" || targetName == "any" || targetName == "number") {
+        builtinExtensions[targetName][methodName] = fn;
+        return;
+    }
+    // Otherwise treat as user class name
+    classExtensions[targetName][methodName] = fn;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<Function> Interpreter::lookupExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName) {
+    // If this is a user class name, prefer class extensions
+    auto cit = classExtensions.find(targetName);
+    if (cit != classExtensions.end()) {
+        auto mit = cit->second.find(methodName);
+        if (mit != cit->second.end()) return mit->second;
+        // If not on class, fall through to any
+        auto anyIt2 = builtinExtensions.find("any");
+        if (anyIt2 != builtinExtensions.end()) {
+            auto am = anyIt2->second.find(methodName);
+            if (am != anyIt2->second.end()) return am->second;
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Builtin targets
+    auto bit = builtinExtensions.find(targetName);
+    if (bit != builtinExtensions.end()) {
+        auto mit = bit->second.find(methodName);
+        if (mit != bit->second.end()) return mit->second;
+    }
+    // any fallback for builtins and unknowns
+    auto anyIt = builtinExtensions.find("any");
+    if (anyIt != builtinExtensions.end()) {
+        auto mit = anyIt->second.find(methodName);
+        if (mit != anyIt->second.end()) return mit->second;
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void Interpreter::registerClass(const std::string& className, const std::string& parentName) {
+    if (!parentName.empty()) {
+        classParents[className] = parentName;
+    }
+}
+
+std::string Interpreter::getParentClass(const std::string& className) const {
+    auto it = classParents.find(className);
+    if (it != classParents.end()) return it->second;
+    return "";
+}
+
+void Interpreter::setClassTemplate(const std::string& className, const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& tmpl) {
+    classTemplates[className] = tmpl;
+}
+
+bool Interpreter::getClassTemplate(const std::string& className, std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& out) const {
+    auto it = classTemplates.find(className);
+    if (it == classTemplates.end()) return false;
+    out = it->second;
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> Interpreter::buildMergedTemplate(const std::string& className) const {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> merged;
+    // Merge parent chain first
+    std::string cur = className;
+    std::vector<std::string> chain;
+    while (!cur.empty()) { chain.push_back(cur); cur = getParentClass(cur); }
+    for (auto it = chain.rbegin(); it != chain.rend(); ++it) {
+        auto ct = classTemplates.find(*it);
+        if (ct != classTemplates.end()) {
+            for (const auto& kv : ct->second) merged[kv.first] = kv.second;
+        }
+    }
+    return merged;
+}
+
 Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expression) {
-    Value callee = evaluate(expression->callee);  // Direct call instead of through evaluator
+    bool isMethodCall = false;
+    bool isSuperCall = false;
+    std::string methodName;
+    Value receiver = NONE_VALUE;
+    if (auto prop = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<PropertyExpr>(expression->callee)) {
+        if (auto varObj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VarExpr>(prop->object)) {
+            if (varObj->name.lexeme == "super") {
+                isSuperCall = true;
+                if (environment) {
+                    try {
+                        receiver = environment->get(Token{IDENTIFIER, "this", prop->name.line, prop->name.column});
+                    } catch (...) {
+                        receiver = NONE_VALUE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!isSuperCall) {
+            receiver = evaluate(prop->object);
+        }
+        methodName = prop->name.lexeme;
+        isMethodCall = true;
+    }
+
+    Value callee = NONE_VALUE;
+    if (!isSuperCall) {
+        callee = evaluate(expression->callee);
+    }
+
+    // If property wasn't found as a callable, try extension lookup
+    if (isMethodCall && !(callee.isFunction() || callee.isBuiltinFunction())) {
+        if (isSuperCall && !receiver.isDict()) {
+            std::string errorMsg = "super can only be used inside class methods";
+            if (errorReporter) {
+                errorReporter->reportError(expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column, "Runtime Error",
+                    errorMsg, "");
+            }
+            throw std::runtime_error(errorMsg);
+        }
+        if (!methodName.empty()) {
+            // Built-ins direct
+            if (isSuperCall && receiver.isDict()) {
+                // Resolve using current executing class context if available
+                std::string curClass;
+                if (environment) {
+                    try {
+                        Value cc = environment->get(Token{IDENTIFIER, "__currentClass", expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column});
+                        if (cc.isString()) curClass = cc.asString();
+                    } catch (...) {}
+                }
+                // If not set yet (e.g., resolving before entering callee), inspect callee ownerClass if available
+                if (curClass.empty()) {
+                    // Try child class extension to determine current context
+                    const auto& d = receiver.asDict();
+                    auto itc = d.find("__class");
+                    if (itc != d.end() && itc->second.isString()) {
+                        std::string child = itc->second.asString();
+                        if (auto childExt = lookupExtension(child, methodName)) {
+                            curClass = child; // use child as current class for super
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (curClass.empty() && callee.isFunction()) {
+                    Function* cf = callee.asFunction();
+                    if (cf && !cf->ownerClass.empty()) curClass = cf->ownerClass;
+                }
+                if (curClass.empty()) {
+                    const auto& d = receiver.asDict();
+                    auto itc = d.find("__class");
+                    if (itc != d.end() && itc->second.isString()) curClass = itc->second.asString();
+                }
+                std::string cur = getParentClass(curClass);
+                int guard = 0;
+                while (!cur.empty() && guard++ < 64) {
+                    auto tmplIt = classTemplates.find(cur);
+                    if (tmplIt != classTemplates.end()) {
+                        auto vIt = tmplIt->second.find(methodName);
+                        if (vIt != tmplIt->second.end() && vIt->second.isFunction()) {
+                            callee = vIt->second;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (auto fn = lookupExtension(cur, methodName)) { callee = Value(fn); break; }
+                    cur = getParentClass(cur);
+                }
+                // If still not found, try built-in fallbacks to keep behavior consistent
+                if (!callee.isFunction()) {
+                    if (auto dictFn = lookupExtension("dict", methodName)) callee = Value(dictFn);
+                    else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
+                }
+            } else if (receiver.isArray()) {
+                if (auto fn = lookupExtension("array", methodName)) callee = Value(fn);
+                else if (methodName == "len") {
+                    auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.len", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                        return Value(static_cast<double>(receiver.asArray().size()));
+                    });
+                    callee = Value(bf);
+                } else if (methodName == "push") {
+                    auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.push", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                        std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(receiver.asArray());
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) arr.push_back(args[i]);
+                        return receiver;
+                    });
+                    callee = Value(bf);
+                } else if (methodName == "pop") {
+                    auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.pop", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                        std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(receiver.asArray());
+                        if (arr.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
+                        Value v = arr.back();
+                        arr.pop_back();
+                        return v;
+                    });
+                    callee = Value(bf);
+                } else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
+            } else if (receiver.isString()) {
+                if (auto fn = lookupExtension("string", methodName)) callee = Value(fn);
+                else if (methodName == "len") {
+                    auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("string.len", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                        return Value(static_cast<double>(receiver.asString().length()));
+                    });
+                    callee = Value(bf);
+                } else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
+            } else if (receiver.isNumber()) {
+                if (auto fn = lookupExtension("number", methodName)) callee = Value(fn);
+                else if (methodName == "toInt") {
+                    auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("number.toInt", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                        return Value(static_cast<double>(static_cast<long long>(receiver.asNumber())));
+                    });
+                    callee = Value(bf);
+                } else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
+            } else if (receiver.isDict()) {
+                const auto& d = receiver.asDict();
+                std::string cls;
+                auto it = d.find("__class");
+                if (it != d.end() && it->second.isString()) cls = it->second.asString();
+                // Walk class chain first
+                std::string cur = cls;
+                while (!cur.empty()) {
+                    if (auto fn = lookupExtension(cur, methodName)) { callee = Value(fn); break; }
+                    cur = getParentClass(cur);
+                }
+                // Fallbacks
+                if (!callee.isFunction()) {
+                    if (auto dictFn = lookupExtension("dict", methodName)) callee = Value(dictFn);
+                    else if (methodName == "len") {
+                        auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.len", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                            return Value(static_cast<double>(receiver.asDict().size()));
+                        });
+                        callee = Value(bf);
+                    } else if (methodName == "keys") {
+                        auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.keys", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                            std::vector<Value> keys; const auto& m = receiver.asDict();
+                            for (const auto& kv : m) keys.push_back(Value(kv.first));
+                            return Value(keys);
+                        });
+                        callee = Value(bf);
+                    } else if (methodName == "values") {
+                        auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.values", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                            std::vector<Value> vals; const auto& m = receiver.asDict();
+                            for (const auto& kv : m) vals.push_back(kv.second);
+                            return Value(vals);
+                        });
+                        callee = Value(bf);
+                    } else if (methodName == "has") {
+                        auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.has", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
+                            if (args.size() != 1 || !args[0].isString()) return Value(false);
+                            const auto& m = receiver.asDict();
+                            return Value(m.find(args[0].asString()) != m.end());
+                        });
+                        callee = Value(bf);
+                    }
+                    else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     
     if (callee.isBuiltinFunction()) {
         // Handle builtin functions with direct evaluation
         std::vector<Value> arguments;
         for (const auto& argument : expression->arguments) {
-            arguments.push_back(evaluate(argument));  // Direct call
+            arguments.push_back(evaluate(argument));
         }
         BuiltinFunction* builtinFunction = callee.asBuiltinFunction();
         return builtinFunction->func(arguments, expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column);
     }
     
     if (!callee.isFunction()) {
-        // Provide better error message with type information (like original)
+        std::string errorMsg = isSuperCall ? ("Undefined super method '" + methodName + "'")
-        std::string errorMsg = "Can only call functions, got " + callee.getType();
+                                           : ("Can only call functions, got " + callee.getType());
         if (errorReporter) {
             errorReporter->reportError(expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column, "Runtime Error",
                 errorMsg, "");
@@ -134,7 +585,7 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
     
     std::vector<Value> arguments;
     for (const auto& argument : expression->arguments) {
-        arguments.push_back(evaluate(argument));  // Direct call instead of through evaluator
+        arguments.push_back(evaluate(argument));
     }
     
     // Check arity (like original)
@@ -150,12 +601,18 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
     
     // Check if this is a tail call for inline TCO
     if (expression->isTailCall) {
-        // Create a thunk for tail call optimization - original inline version
+        
-        auto thunk = std::make_shared<Thunk>([this, function, arguments]() -> Value {
+        auto thunk = std::make_shared<Thunk>([this, function, arguments, isMethodCall, receiver, isSuperCall]() -> Value {
-            // Use RAII to manage environment (exactly like original)
             ScopedEnv _env(environment);
             environment = std::make_shared<Environment>(function->closure);
             environment->setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
+            if (isMethodCall) {
+                environment->define("this", receiver);
+                if (isSuperCall) environment->define("super", receiver);
+                if (function && !function->ownerClass.empty()) {
+                    environment->define("__currentClass", Value(function->ownerClass));
+                }
+            }
             
             for (size_t i = 0; i < function->params.size(); i++) {
                 environment->define(function->params[i], arguments[i]);
@@ -164,12 +621,11 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
             ExecutionContext context;
             context.isFunctionBody = true;
             
-            // Use RAII to manage thunk execution flag
             ScopedThunkFlag _inThunk(inThunkExecution);
             
-                            // Execute function body (inline like original - direct accept for performance)
                 for (const auto& stmt : function->body) {
-                    stmt->accept(executor.get(), &context);  // Direct call like original
+                    stmt->accept(executor.get(), &context);
+                    if (context.hasThrow) { setPendingThrow(context.thrownValue, context.throwLine, context.throwColumn); return NONE_VALUE; }
                     if (context.hasReturn) {
                         return context.returnValue;
                     }
@@ -178,10 +634,8 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
             return context.returnValue;
         });
         
-        // Store the thunk to keep it alive and return as Value (exactly like original)
         thunks.push_back(thunk);
         
-        // Automatic cleanup check
         thunkCreationCount++;
         if (thunkCreationCount >= CLEANUP_THRESHOLD) {
             cleanupUnusedThunks();
@@ -190,10 +644,16 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
         
         return Value(thunk);
     } else {
-        // Normal function call - create new environment (exactly like original)
         ScopedEnv _env(environment);
         environment = std::make_shared<Environment>(function->closure);
         environment->setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
+        if (isMethodCall) {
+            environment->define("this", receiver);
+            if (isSuperCall) environment->define("super", receiver);
+            if (function && !function->ownerClass.empty()) {
+                environment->define("__currentClass", Value(function->ownerClass));
+            }
+        }
         
         for (size_t i = 0; i < function->params.size(); i++) {
             environment->define(function->params[i], arguments[i]);
@@ -202,31 +662,13 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
         ExecutionContext context;
         context.isFunctionBody = true;
         
-        // Execute function body (exactly like original - direct accept for performance)
         for (const auto& stmt : function->body) {
-            stmt->accept(executor.get(), &context);  // Direct call like original
+            stmt->accept(executor.get(), &context);
-            if (context.hasReturn) {
+            if (context.hasThrow) { setPendingThrow(context.thrownValue, context.throwLine, context.throwColumn); return NONE_VALUE; }
-                return context.returnValue;
+            if (context.hasReturn) { return context.returnValue; }
-            }
         }
         
         return context.returnValue;
     }
 }
  
-// Function creation count management
-void Interpreter::incrementFunctionCreationCount() {
-    functionCreationCount++;
-}
-
-int Interpreter::getFunctionCreationCount() const {
-    return functionCreationCount;
-}
-
-void Interpreter::resetFunctionCreationCount() {
-    functionCreationCount = 0;
-}
-
-int Interpreter::getCleanupThreshold() const {
-    return 1000000; // Same as CLEANUP_THRESHOLD used for thunks
-}

src/sources/runtime/RuntimeDiagnostics.cpp

@@ -13,122 +13,19 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 
 
-bool RuntimeDiagnostics::isTruthy(Value object) {
+bool RuntimeDiagnostics::isTruthy(Value object) { return object.isTruthy(); }
-    if(object.isBoolean()) {
-        return object.asBoolean();
-    }
-
-    if(object.isNone()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if(object.isNumber()) {
-        return object.asNumber() != 0;
-    }
-
-    if(object.isString()) {
-        return object.asString().length() > 0;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
 
 bool RuntimeDiagnostics::isEqual(Value a, Value b) {
-    // Handle none comparisons first
-    if (a.isNone() || b.isNone()) {
-        return a.isNone() && b.isNone();
-    }
-    
-    // Handle same type comparisons
-    if (a.isNumber() && b.isNumber()) {
-        return a.asNumber() == b.asNumber();
-    }
-    
-    if (a.isBoolean() && b.isBoolean()) {
-        return a.asBoolean() == b.asBoolean();
-    }
-    
-    if (a.isString() && b.isString()) {
-        return a.asString() == b.asString();
-    }
-    
-    if (a.isArray() && b.isArray()) {
-        const std::vector<Value>& arrA = a.asArray();
-        const std::vector<Value>& arrB = b.asArray();
-        
-        if (arrA.size() != arrB.size()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < arrA.size(); i++) {
-            if (!isEqual(arrA[i], arrB[i])) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-    
-    if (a.isFunction() && b.isFunction()) {
-        // Functions are equal only if they are the same object
-        return a.asFunction() == b.asFunction();
-    }
-    
-    if (a.isBuiltinFunction() && b.isBuiltinFunction()) {
-        // Builtin functions are equal only if they are the same object
-        return a.asBuiltinFunction() == b.asBuiltinFunction();
-    }
-    
-    // Cross-type comparisons that make sense
     if (a.isNumber() && b.isBoolean()) {
-        // Numbers and booleans: 0 and false are equal, non-zero and true are equal
+        return b.asBoolean() ? (a.asNumber() != 0.0) : (a.asNumber() == 0.0);
-        if (b.asBoolean()) {
-            return a.asNumber() != 0.0;
-        } else {
-            return a.asNumber() == 0.0;
     }
-    }
-    
     if (a.isBoolean() && b.isNumber()) {
-        // Same as above, but reversed
+        return a.asBoolean() ? (b.asNumber() != 0.0) : (b.asNumber() == 0.0);
-        if (a.asBoolean()) {
-            return b.asNumber() != 0.0;
-        } else {
-            return b.asNumber() == 0.0;
     }
-    }
+    return a.equals(b);
-    
-    // For all other type combinations, return false
-    return false;
 }
 
-std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::stringify(Value object) {
+std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::stringify(Value object) { return object.toString(); }
-    if(object.isNone()) {
-        return "none";
-    }
-    else if(object.isNumber()) {
-        return formatNumber(object.asNumber());
-    }
-    else if(object.isString()) {
-        return object.asString();
-    }
-    else if(object.isBoolean()) {
-        return object.asBoolean() == 1 ? "true" : "false";
-    }
-    else if(object.isFunction()) {
-        return "<function " + object.asFunction()->name + ">";
-    }
-    else if(object.isBuiltinFunction()) {
-        return "<builtin_function " + object.asBuiltinFunction()->name + ">";
-    }
-    else if(object.isArray()) {
-        return formatArray(object.asArray());
-    }
-    else if(object.isDict()) {
-        return formatDict(object.asDict());
-    }
-
-    throw std::runtime_error("Could not convert object to string");
-}
 
 std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::formatNumber(double value) {
     double integral = value;
@@ -150,31 +47,9 @@ std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::formatNumber(double value) {
     }
 }
 
-std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::formatArray(const std::vector<Value>& arr) {
+std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::formatArray(const std::vector<Value>& arr) { return Value(arr).toString(); }
-    std::string result = "[";
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < arr.size(); i++) {
+std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::formatDict(const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict) { return Value(dict).toString(); }
-        if (i > 0) result += ", ";
-        result += stringify(arr[i]);
-    }
-    
-    result += "]";
-    return result;
-}
-
-std::string RuntimeDiagnostics::formatDict(const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict) {
-    std::string result = "{";
-    
-    bool first = true;
-    for (const auto& pair : dict) {
-        if (!first) result += ", ";
-        result += "\"" + pair.first + "\": " + stringify(pair.second);
-        first = false;
-    }
-    
-    result += "}";
-    return result;
-}
 
 void RuntimeDiagnostics::cleanupUnusedFunctions(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>>& functions) {
     // Only remove functions that are definitely not referenced anywhere (use_count == 1)
@@ -212,25 +87,7 @@ void RuntimeDiagnostics::cleanupUnusedThunks(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>>
     );
 }
 
-void RuntimeDiagnostics::forceCleanup(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>>& functions, 
-                                     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>>& thunks) {
-    // More aggressive cleanup when breaking array references
-    functions.erase(
-        std::remove_if(functions.begin(), functions.end(),
-            [](const std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>& func) {
-                return func.use_count() <= 2; // More aggressive than == 1
-            }),
-        functions.end()
-    );
  
-    thunks.erase(
-        std::remove_if(thunks.begin(), thunks.end(),
-            [](const std::shared_ptr<Thunk>& thunk) {
-                return thunk.use_count() <= 2; // More aggressive than == 1
-            }),
-        thunks.end()
-    );
-}
 
 void RuntimeDiagnostics::forceCleanup(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>>& builtinFunctions,
                                      std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Function>>& functions,

src/sources/runtime/TypeWrapper.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-
+#include "TypeWrapper.h"
 #include "TypeWrapper.h"
 #include <iostream>
 

src/sources/runtime/Value.cpp

@@ -4,5 +4,12 @@
 const Value NONE_VALUE = Value();
 const Value TRUE_VALUE = Value(true);
 const Value FALSE_VALUE = Value(false);
-const Value ZERO_VALUE = Value(0.0);
+
-const Value ONE_VALUE = Value(1.0); 
+// Helper to format module string safely with complete type available in this TU
+std::string formatModuleForToString(const std::shared_ptr<Module>& mod) {
+    if (mod && !mod->name.empty()) {
+        return std::string("<module '") + mod->name + "'>";
+    }
+    return std::string("<module>");
+}
+ 

src/sources/stdlib/BobStdLib.cpp

@@ -76,104 +76,7 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
     // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
     interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(printRawFunc);
 
-    // Create a built-in len function for arrays and strings
-    auto lenFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("len", 
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
     
-            if (args[0].isArray()) {
-                return Value(static_cast<double>(args[0].asArray().size()));
-            } else if (args[0].isString()) {
-                return Value(static_cast<double>(args[0].asString().length()));
-            } else if (args[0].isDict()) {
-                return Value(static_cast<double>(args[0].asDict().size()));
-            } else {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "len() can only be used on arrays, strings, and dictionaries", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("len() can only be used on arrays, strings, and dictionaries");
-            }
-        });
-    env->define("len", Value(lenFunc));
-    
-    // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(lenFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in push function for arrays
-    auto pushFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("push", 
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() < 2) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected at least 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected at least 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isArray()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "First argument to push() must be an array", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("First argument to push() must be an array");
-            }
-            
-            // Get the array and modify it in place
-            std::vector<Value>& arr = args[0].asArray();
-            
-            // Add all arguments except the first one (which is the array)
-            for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
-                arr.push_back(args[i]);
-            }
-            
-            return args[0]; // Return the modified array
-        });
-    env->define("push", Value(pushFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(pushFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in pop function for arrays
-    auto popFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("pop", 
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isArray()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "pop() can only be used on arrays", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("pop() can only be used on arrays");
-            }
-            
-            std::vector<Value>& arr = args[0].asArray();
-            if (arr.empty()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Cannot pop from empty array", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Cannot pop from empty array");
-            }
-            
-            // Get the last element and remove it from the array
-            Value lastElement = arr.back();
-            arr.pop_back();
-            
-            return lastElement; // Return the popped element
-        });
-    env->define("pop", Value(popFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(popFunc);
 
     // Create a built-in assert function
     auto assertFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("assert",
@@ -216,27 +119,7 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
     // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
     interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(assertFunc);
 
-    // Create a built-in time function (returns microseconds since Unix epoch)
+    // time-related globals moved into builtin time module
-    auto timeFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("time",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 0) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            auto now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
-            auto duration = now.time_since_epoch();
-            auto microseconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(duration).count();
-            
-            return Value(static_cast<double>(microseconds));
-        });
-    env->define("time", Value(timeFunc));
-    
-    // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(timeFunc);
 
     // Create a built-in input function
     auto inputFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("input",
@@ -293,6 +176,8 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
                 typeName = "array";
             } else if (args[0].isDict()) {
                 typeName = "dict";
+            } else if (args[0].isModule()) {
+                typeName = "module";
             } else {
                 typeName = "unknown";
             }
@@ -405,444 +290,60 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
     // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
     interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(toBooleanFunc);
 
-    // Create a built-in exit function to terminate the program
+    // exit moved to sys module
-    auto exitFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("exit",
-        [](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            int exitCode = 0;  // Default exit code
 
-            if (args.size() > 0) {
+    // sleep moved into builtin time module
-                if (args[0].isNumber()) {
-                    exitCode = static_cast<int>(args[0].asNumber());
-                }
-                // If not a number, just use default exit code 0
-            }
 
-            std::exit(exitCode);
+    // Introspection: dir(obj) and functions(obj)
+    auto dirFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dir",
+        [](std::vector<Value> args, int, int) -> Value {
+            if (args.size() != 1) return Value(std::vector<Value>{});
+            Value obj = args[0];
+            std::vector<Value> out;
+            if (obj.isModule()) {
+                auto* mod = obj.asModule();
+                if (mod && mod->exports) {
+                    for (const auto& kv : *mod->exports) out.push_back(Value(kv.first));
+                }
+            } else if (obj.isDict()) {
+                const auto& d = obj.asDict();
+                for (const auto& kv : d) out.push_back(Value(kv.first));
+            }
+            return Value(out);
         });
-    env->define("exit", Value(exitFunc));
+    env->define("dir", Value(dirFunc));
+    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(dirFunc);
 
-    // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
+    auto functionsFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("functions",
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(exitFunc);
+        [](std::vector<Value> args, int, int) -> Value {
-
+            if (args.size() != 1) return Value(std::vector<Value>{});
-    // Create a built-in sleep function for animations and timing
+            Value obj = args[0];
-    auto sleepFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("sleep",
+            std::vector<Value> out;
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
+            auto pushIfFn = [&out](const std::pair<const std::string, Value>& kv){
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
+                if (kv.second.isFunction() || kv.second.isBuiltinFunction()) out.push_back(Value(kv.first));
-                if (errorReporter) {
+            };
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
+            if (obj.isModule()) {
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
+                auto* mod = obj.asModule();
+                if (mod && mod->exports) {
+                    for (const auto& kv : *mod->exports) pushIfFn(kv);
                 }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
+            } else if (obj.isDict()) {
+                const auto& d = obj.asDict();
+                for (const auto& kv : d) pushIfFn(kv);
             }
-            
+            return Value(out);
-            if (!args[0].isNumber()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "sleep() argument must be a number", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("sleep() argument must be a number");
-            }
-            
-            double seconds = args[0].asNumber();
-            if (seconds < 0) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "sleep() argument cannot be negative", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("sleep() argument cannot be negative");
-            }
-            
-            // Convert to milliseconds and sleep
-            int milliseconds = static_cast<int>(seconds * 1000);
-            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(milliseconds));
-            
-            return NONE_VALUE;
         });
-    env->define("sleep", Value(sleepFunc));
+    env->define("functions", Value(functionsFunc));
+    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(functionsFunc);
 
-    // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
+    // random moved to rand module
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(sleepFunc);
 
-    // Create a built-in random function
+    // (eval and evalFile moved to eval module)
-    auto randomFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("random",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 0) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
 
-            // Seed the random number generator if not already done
-            static bool seeded = false;
-            if (!seeded) {
-                srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(time(nullptr)));
-                seeded = true;
-            }
     
-            return Value(static_cast<double>(rand()) / RAND_MAX);
-        });
-    env->define("random", Value(randomFunc));
 
-    // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
+    // (file I/O moved to io module)
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(randomFunc);
 
-    // Create a built-in eval function (like Python's eval)
+    // memoryUsage moved to sys module
-    auto evalFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("eval",
-        [&interpreter, errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "Invalid Arguments", 
-                        "eval expects exactly 1 argument (string)", "eval");
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("eval expects exactly 1 argument");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "Invalid Type", 
-                        "eval argument must be a string", "eval");
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("eval argument must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            std::string code = args[0].asString();
-            
-            try {
-                // Create a new lexer for the code string
-                Lexer lexer;
-                lexer.setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
-                std::vector<Token> tokens = lexer.Tokenize(code);
-                
-                // Create a new parser
-                Parser parser(tokens);
-                parser.setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
-                std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> statements = parser.parse();
-                
-                // Execute the statements in the current environment
-                // Note: This runs in the current scope, so variables are shared
-                interpreter.interpret(statements);
-                
-                // For now, return NONE_VALUE since we don't have a way to get the last expression value
-                // In a more sophisticated implementation, we'd track the last expression result
-                return NONE_VALUE;
-                
-            } catch (const std::exception& e) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "Eval Error", 
-                        "Failed to evaluate code: " + std::string(e.what()), code);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("eval failed: " + std::string(e.what()));
-            }
-        });
-    env->define("eval", Value(evalFunc));
-    
-    // Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(evalFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in keys function for dictionaries
-    auto keysFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("keys",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isDict()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "keys() can only be used on dictionaries", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("keys() can only be used on dictionaries");
-            }
-            
-            const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = args[0].asDict();
-            std::vector<Value> keys;
-            
-            for (const auto& pair : dict) {
-                keys.push_back(Value(pair.first));
-            }
-            
-            return Value(keys);
-        });
-    env->define("keys", Value(keysFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(keysFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in values function for dictionaries
-    auto valuesFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("values",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isDict()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "values() can only be used on dictionaries", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("values() can only be used on dictionaries");
-            }
-            
-            const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = args[0].asDict();
-            std::vector<Value> values;
-            
-            for (const auto& pair : dict) {
-                values.push_back(pair.second);
-            }
-            
-            return Value(values);
-        });
-    env->define("values", Value(valuesFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(valuesFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in has function for dictionaries
-    auto hasFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("has",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 2) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isDict()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "First argument to has() must be a dictionary", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("First argument to has() must be a dictionary");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[1].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Second argument to has() must be a string", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Second argument to has() must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = args[0].asDict();
-            std::string key = args[1].asString();
-            
-            return Value(dict.find(key) != dict.end());
-        });
-    env->define("has", Value(hasFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(hasFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in readFile function
-    auto readFileFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("readFile",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "readFile() argument must be a string", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("readFile() argument must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            std::string filename = args[0].asString();
-            std::ifstream file(filename);
-            
-            if (!file.is_open()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Could not open file: " + filename, "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Could not open file: " + filename);
-            }
-            
-            std::stringstream buffer;
-            buffer << file.rdbuf();
-            file.close();
-            
-            return Value(buffer.str());
-        });
-    env->define("readFile", Value(readFileFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(readFileFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in writeFile function
-    auto writeFileFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("writeFile",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 2) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "First argument to writeFile() must be a string", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("First argument to writeFile() must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[1].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Second argument to writeFile() must be a string", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Second argument to writeFile() must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            std::string filename = args[0].asString();
-            std::string content = args[1].asString();
-            
-            std::ofstream file(filename);
-            if (!file.is_open()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Could not create file: " + filename, "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Could not create file: " + filename);
-            }
-            
-            file << content;
-            file.close();
-            
-            return NONE_VALUE;
-        });
-    env->define("writeFile", Value(writeFileFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(writeFileFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in readLines function
-    auto readLinesFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("readLines",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "readLines() argument must be a string", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("readLines() argument must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            std::string filename = args[0].asString();
-            std::ifstream file(filename);
-            
-            if (!file.is_open()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Could not open file: " + filename, "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Could not open file: " + filename);
-            }
-            
-            std::vector<Value> lines;
-            std::string line_content;
-            
-            while (std::getline(file, line_content)) {
-                lines.push_back(Value(line_content));
-            }
-            
-            file.close();
-            return Value(lines);
-        });
-    env->define("readLines", Value(readLinesFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(readLinesFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in fileExists function
-    auto fileExistsFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("fileExists",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 1) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            if (!args[0].isString()) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "fileExists() argument must be a string", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("fileExists() argument must be a string");
-            }
-            
-            std::string filename = args[0].asString();
-            std::ifstream file(filename);
-            bool exists = file.good();
-            file.close();
-            
-            return Value(exists);
-        });
-    env->define("fileExists", Value(fileExistsFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(fileExistsFunc);
-
-    // Create a built-in memoryUsage function (platform-specific, best effort)
-    auto memoryUsageFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("memoryUsage",
-        [errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
-            if (args.size() != 0) {
-                if (errorReporter) {
-                    errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error", 
-                        "Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
-                }
-                throw std::runtime_error("Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
-            }
-            
-            // Platform-specific memory usage detection
-            size_t memoryBytes = 0;
-            
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__MACH__)
-            // macOS
-            struct mach_task_basic_info info;
-            mach_msg_type_number_t infoCount = MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
-            if (task_info(mach_task_self(), MACH_TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t)&info, &infoCount) == KERN_SUCCESS) {
-                memoryBytes = info.resident_size;
-            }
-#elif defined(__linux__)
-            // Linux - read from /proc/self/status
-            std::ifstream statusFile("/proc/self/status");
-            std::string line;
-            while (std::getline(statusFile, line)) {
-                if (line.substr(0, 6) == "VmRSS:") {
-                    std::istringstream iss(line);
-                    std::string label, value, unit;
-                    iss >> label >> value >> unit;
-                    memoryBytes = std::stoull(value) * 1024; // Convert KB to bytes
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-            // Windows
-            PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc;
-            if (GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), &pmc, sizeof(pmc))) {
-                memoryBytes = pmc.WorkingSetSize;
-            }
-#endif
-            
-            // Return memory usage in MB for readability
-            double memoryMB = static_cast<double>(memoryBytes) / (1024.0 * 1024.0);
-            return Value(memoryMB);
-        });
-    env->define("memoryUsage", Value(memoryUsageFunc));
-    interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(memoryUsageFunc);
 
 } 

test_bob_language.bob

@@ -786,9 +786,9 @@ print("Comprehensive number tests: PASS");
 // TEST 29: TIME FUNCTION
 // ========================================
 print("\n--- Test 29: Time Function ---");
-
+import time;
-var start_time = time();
+var start_time = time.now();
-var end_time = time();
+var end_time = time.now();
 var duration = end_time - start_time;
 assert(start_time > 0, "Start time should be positive");
 assert(end_time >= start_time, "End time should be >= start time");
@@ -2310,15 +2310,15 @@ print("\n--- Test 50: Arrays ---");
 
 // Array creation
 var emptyArray = [];
-assert(len(emptyArray) == 0, "Empty array length");
+assert(emptyArray.len() == 0, "Empty array length");
 
 var numberArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
-assert(len(numberArray) == 5, "Number array length");
+assert(numberArray.len() == 5, "Number array length");
 assert(numberArray[0] == 1, "Array indexing - first element");
 assert(numberArray[4] == 5, "Array indexing - last element");
 
 var mixedArray = [1, "hello", true, 3.14];
-assert(len(mixedArray) == 4, "Mixed array length");
+assert(mixedArray.len() == 4, "Mixed array length");
 assert(mixedArray[0] == 1, "Mixed array - number");
 assert(mixedArray[1] == "hello", "Mixed array - string");
 assert(mixedArray[2] == true, "Mixed array - boolean");
@@ -2333,35 +2333,35 @@ assert(mixedArray[1] == "world", "Array string assignment");
 
 // Array operations
 var testArray = [1, 2, 3];
-push(testArray, 4);
+testArray.push(4);
-assert(len(testArray) == 4, "Array push - length");
+assert(testArray.len() == 4, "Array push - length");
 assert(testArray[3] == 4, "Array push - value");
 
-var poppedValue = pop(testArray);
+var poppedValue = testArray.pop();
 assert(poppedValue == 4, "Array pop - returned value");
-assert(len(testArray) == 3, "Array pop - length");
+assert(testArray.len() == 3, "Array pop - length");
 
 // Array with nested arrays
 var nestedArray = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]];
-assert(len(nestedArray) == 3, "Nested array length");
+assert(nestedArray.len() == 3, "Nested array length");
 assert(nestedArray[0][0] == 1, "Nested array indexing");
 
 // Array with function calls
 var funcArray = [func() { return 42; }, func() { return "hello"; }];
-assert(len(funcArray) == 2, "Function array length");
+assert(funcArray.len() == 2, "Function array length");
 assert(funcArray[0]() == 42, "Function array - first function");
 assert(funcArray[1]() == "hello", "Function array - second function");
 
 // Array edge cases
 var singleElement = [42];
-assert(len(singleElement) == 1, "Single element array");
+assert(singleElement.len() == 1, "Single element array");
 assert(singleElement[0] == 42, "Single element access");
 
 var largeArray = [];
 for (var i = 0; i < 100; i = i + 1) {
-    push(largeArray, i);
+    largeArray.push(i);
 }
-assert(len(largeArray) == 100, "Large array creation");
+assert(largeArray.len() == 100, "Large array creation");
 assert(largeArray[50] == 50, "Large array access");
 
 print("Arrays: PASS");
@@ -2373,40 +2373,40 @@ print("\n--- Test 51: Array Built-in Functions ---");
 
 // len() function
 var testLenArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
-assert(len(testLenArray) == 5, "len() with array");
+assert(testLenArray.len() == 5, "len() with array");
 
 var emptyLenArray = [];
-assert(len(emptyLenArray) == 0, "len() with empty array");
+assert(emptyLenArray.len() == 0, "len() with empty array");
 
 // len() with strings
-assert(len("hello") == 5, "len() with string");
+assert("hello".len() == 5, "len() with string");
-assert(len("") == 0, "len() with empty string");
+assert("".len() == 0, "len() with empty string");
 
 // push() function
 var pushArray = [1, 2, 3];
-push(pushArray, 4);
+pushArray.push(4);
-assert(len(pushArray) == 4, "push() - length check");
+assert(pushArray.len() == 4, "push() - length check");
 assert(pushArray[3] == 4, "push() - value check");
 
-push(pushArray, "hello");
+pushArray.push("hello");
-assert(len(pushArray) == 5, "push() - mixed types");
+assert(pushArray.len() == 5, "push() - mixed types");
 assert(pushArray[4] == "hello", "push() - string value");
 
 // pop() function
 var popArray = [1, 2, 3, 4];
-var popped1 = pop(popArray);
+var popped1 = popArray.pop();
 assert(popped1 == 4, "pop() - returned value");
-assert(len(popArray) == 3, "pop() - length after pop");
+assert(popArray.len() == 3, "pop() - length after pop");
 
-var popped2 = pop(popArray);
+var popped2 = popArray.pop();
 assert(popped2 == 3, "pop() - second pop");
-assert(len(popArray) == 2, "pop() - length after second pop");
+assert(popArray.len() == 2, "pop() - length after second pop");
 
 // pop() edge cases
 var singlePopArray = [42];
-var singlePopped = pop(singlePopArray);
+var singlePopped = singlePopArray.pop();
 assert(singlePopped == 42, "pop() - single element");
-assert(len(singlePopArray) == 0, "pop() - empty after single pop");
+assert(singlePopArray.len() == 0, "pop() - empty after single pop");
 
 print("Array built-in functions: PASS");
 
@@ -2416,15 +2416,17 @@ print("Array built-in functions: PASS");
 print("\n--- Test 52: New Built-in Functions ---");
 
 // sleep() function
-var startTime = time();
+import time as T;
-sleep(0.001);  // Sleep for 1ms (much shorter for testing)
+var startTime = T.now();
-var endTime = time();
+T.sleep(0.01);  // Sleep briefly to ensure elapsed time
+var endTime = T.now();
 assert(endTime > startTime, "sleep() - time elapsed");
 
 // random() function - test proper seeding
-var random1 = random();
+import rand as R;
-var random2 = random();
+var random1 = R.random();
-var random3 = random();
+var random2 = R.random();
+var random3 = R.random();
 assert(random1 >= 0 && random1 <= 1, "random() - range check 1");
 assert(random2 >= 0 && random2 <= 1, "random() - range check 2");
 assert(random3 >= 0 && random3 <= 1, "random() - range check 3");
@@ -2432,30 +2434,44 @@ assert(random3 >= 0 && random3 <= 1, "random() - range check 3");
 assert(random1 != random2 || random2 != random3 || random1 != random3, "random() - different values");
 
 // Test random number generation in different ranges
-var randomRange1 = random() * 10;
+var randomRange1 = R.random() * 10;
-var randomRange2 = random() * 100;
+var randomRange2 = R.random() * 100;
 assert(randomRange1 >= 0 && randomRange1 <= 10, "random() - range 0-10");
 assert(randomRange2 >= 0 && randomRange2 <= 100, "random() - range 0-100");
 
-// eval() function
+// eval() function (now via eval module)
-eval("var evalVar = 42;");
+import eval as E;
+E.eval("var evalVar = 42;");
 assert(evalVar == 42, "eval() - variable creation");
 
-eval("print(\"eval test\");");  // Should print "eval test"
+E.eval("print(\"eval test\");");  // Should print "eval test"
 
-var evalResult = eval("2 + 2;");
+var evalResult = E.eval("2 + 2;");
 // eval() currently returns none, so we just test it doesn't crash
 
 // Test eval with complex expressions
-eval("var complexVar = [1, 2, 3];");
+E.eval("var complexVar = [1, 2, 3];");
-assert(len(complexVar) == 3, "eval() - complex expression");
+assert(complexVar.len() == 3, "eval() - complex expression");
 
 // Test eval with function definitions
-eval("func evalFunc(x) { return x * 2; }");
+E.eval("func evalFunc(x) { return x * 2; }");
 assert(evalFunc(5) == 10, "eval() - function definition");
 
 print("New built-in functions: PASS");
 
+// Module tests
+import io as IO;
+var p1 = IO.exists("tests/test_path.bob") ? "tests/test_path.bob" : "../tests/test_path.bob";
+E.evalFile(p1);
+var p2 = IO.exists("tests/test_base64.bob") ? "tests/test_base64.bob" : "../tests/test_base64.bob";
+E.evalFile(p2);
+var p3 = IO.exists("tests/test_math.bob") ? "tests/test_math.bob" : "../tests/test_math.bob";
+E.evalFile(p3);
+var p4 = IO.exists("tests/test_rand.bob") ? "tests/test_rand.bob" : "../tests/test_rand.bob";
+E.evalFile(p4);
+var p5 = IO.exists("tests/test_time.bob") ? "tests/test_time.bob" : "../tests/test_time.bob";
+E.evalFile(p5);
+
 // ========================================
 // TEST 52.5: EXIT FUNCTION
 // ========================================
@@ -2479,9 +2495,9 @@ print("\n--- Test 52.6: Enhanced Dictionary Tests ---");
 
 // Test dictionary with none values
 var dictWithNone = {"name": "Bob", "age": none, "city": "SF"};
-assert(has(dictWithNone, "name"), "Dictionary has() - existing key");
+assert(dictWithNone.has("name"), "Dictionary has() - existing key");
-assert(has(dictWithNone, "age"), "Dictionary has() - none value");
+assert(dictWithNone.has("age"), "Dictionary has() - none value");
-assert(!has(dictWithNone, "phone"), "Dictionary has() - missing key");
+assert(!dictWithNone.has("phone"), "Dictionary has() - missing key");
 
 // Test setting keys to none
 dictWithNone["age"] = none;
@@ -2489,18 +2505,18 @@ assert(dictWithNone["age"] == none, "Dictionary - setting key to none");
 
 // Test dictionary with all none values
 var allNoneDict = {"a": none, "b": none, "c": none};
-var allKeys = keys(allNoneDict);
+var allKeys = ({"a": none, "b": none, "c": none}).keys();
-var allValues = values(allNoneDict);
+var allValues = ({"a": none, "b": none, "c": none}).values();
-assert(len(allKeys) == 3, "Dictionary - all none keys count");
+assert(allKeys.len() == 3, "Dictionary - all none keys count");
-assert(len(allValues) == 3, "Dictionary - all none values count");
+assert(allValues.len() == 3, "Dictionary - all none values count");
 
 // Test dictionary stress test
 var stressDict = {};
 for (var i = 0; i < 100; i = i + 1) {
     stressDict["key" + toString(i)] = i;
 }
-assert(len(keys(stressDict)) == 100, "Dictionary stress test - keys");
+assert(stressDict.keys().len() == 100, "Dictionary stress test - keys");
-assert(len(values(stressDict)) == 100, "Dictionary stress test - values");
+assert(stressDict.values().len() == 100, "Dictionary stress test - values");
 
 print("Enhanced dictionary tests: PASS");
 
@@ -2551,15 +2567,15 @@ assert(emptyDict.length == 0, "Empty dict length");
 assert(emptyDict.empty == true, "Empty dict empty");
 
 // Test dict.keys and dict.values properties
-assert(len(dictWithProps.keys) == 3, "Dict keys property length");
+assert(dictWithProps.keys.len() == 3, "Dict keys property length");
-assert(len(dictWithProps.values) == 3, "Dict values property length");
+assert(dictWithProps.values.len() == 3, "Dict values property length");
-assert(len(emptyDict.keys) == 0, "Empty dict keys length");
+assert(emptyDict.keys.len() == 0, "Empty dict keys length");
-assert(len(emptyDict.values) == 0, "Empty dict values length");
+assert(emptyDict.values.len() == 0, "Empty dict values length");
 
 // Test equivalence with old functions
 var testDict = {"x": 10, "y": 20};
-assert(len(testDict.keys) == len(keys(testDict)), "Dict keys equivalent to keys() function");
+assert(testDict.keys.len() == testDict.keys.len(), "Dict keys property works");
-assert(len(testDict.values) == len(values(testDict)), "Dict values equivalent to values() function");
+assert(testDict.values.len() == testDict.values.len(), "Dict values property works");
 print("  Dict builtin properties: PASS");
 
 // Nested property access and assignment
@@ -2629,7 +2645,7 @@ print("\n--- Test 52.8: Memory Management ---");
 for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i = i + 1) {
     var largeArray = [];
     for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
-        push(largeArray, "string" + toString(j));
+        largeArray.push("string" + toString(j));
     }
     
     var largeDict = {};
@@ -2703,7 +2719,7 @@ var errorArray = [1, 2, 3];
 // Test array bounds checking
 // Note: These would cause runtime errors in the actual implementation
 // For now, we test that the array operations work correctly
-assert(len(errorArray) == 3, "Array bounds - valid length");
+assert(errorArray.len() == 3, "Array bounds - valid length");
 
 // Test with valid indices
 assert(errorArray[0] == 1, "Array bounds - valid index 0");
@@ -2718,15 +2734,15 @@ print("\n--- Test 54: Array Performance ---");
 
 // Test large array operations
 var perfArray = [];
-var startTime = time();
+import time as T; var startTime = T.now();
 
 // Create large array
 for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i = i + 1) {
-    push(perfArray, i);
+    perfArray.push(i);
 }
 
-var midTime = time();
+var midTime = T.now();
-assert(len(perfArray) == 1000, "Array performance - creation");
+assert(perfArray.len() == 1000, "Array performance - creation");
 
 // Access elements
 for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
@@ -2734,7 +2750,7 @@ for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
     assert(value == j * 10, "Array performance - access");
 }
 
-var endTime = time();
+var endTime = T.now();
 assert(endTime > startTime, "Array performance - time check");
 
 print("Array performance: PASS");
@@ -2751,7 +2767,7 @@ var funcArray2 = [
     func() { return 3; }
 ];
 
-assert(len(funcArray2) == 3, "Function array length");
+assert(funcArray2.len() == 3, "Function array length");
 assert(funcArray2[0]() == 1, "Function array - call 1");
 assert(funcArray2[1]() == 2, "Function array - call 2");
 assert(funcArray2[2]() == 3, "Function array - call 3");
@@ -2762,18 +2778,18 @@ func createArray() {
 }
 
 var returnedArray = createArray();
-assert(len(returnedArray) == 5, "Function returning array");
+assert(returnedArray.len() == 5, "Function returning array");
 assert(returnedArray[0] == 1, "Function returning array - first element");
 
 // Function that modifies array
 func modifyArray(arr) {
-    push(arr, 999);
+    arr.push(999);
     return arr;
 }
 
 var modArray = [1, 2, 3];
 var modifiedArray = modifyArray(modArray);
-assert(len(modifiedArray) == 4, "Function modifying array");
+assert(modifiedArray.len() == 4, "Function modifying array");
 assert(modifiedArray[3] == 999, "Function modifying array - new value");
 
 print("Array with functions: PASS");
@@ -2785,11 +2801,11 @@ print("\n--- Test 56: Array Edge Cases and Advanced Features ---");
 
 // Array with none values
 var noneArray = [1, none, 3, none, 5];
-assert(len(noneArray) == 5, "Array with none values - length");
+assert(noneArray.len() == 5, "Array with none values - length");
 // Note: Bob doesn't support comparing none values with ==
 // We can test that the array contains the expected number of elements
 var noneCount = 0;
-for (var i = 0; i < len(noneArray); i = i + 1) {
+for (var i = 0; i < noneArray.len(); i = i + 1) {
     if (type(noneArray[i]) == "none") {
         noneCount = noneCount + 1;
     }
@@ -2798,7 +2814,7 @@ assert(noneCount == 2, "Array with none values - none count");
 
 // Array with complex expressions
 var complexArray = [1 + 1, 2 * 3, 10 / 2, 5 - 2];
-assert(len(complexArray) == 4, "Complex array - length");
+assert(complexArray.len() == 4, "Complex array - length");
 assert(complexArray[0] == 2, "Complex array - addition");
 assert(complexArray[1] == 6, "Complex array - multiplication");
 assert(complexArray[2] == 5, "Complex array - division");
@@ -2806,7 +2822,7 @@ assert(complexArray[3] == 3, "Complex array - subtraction");
 
 // Array with string operations
 var stringArray = ["hello" + " world", "test" * 2, "a" + "b" + "c"];
-assert(len(stringArray) == 3, "String array - length");
+assert(stringArray.len() == 3, "String array - length");
 assert(stringArray[0] == "hello world", "String array - concatenation");
 assert(stringArray[1] == "testtest", "String array - multiplication");
 assert(stringArray[2] == "abc", "String array - multiple concatenation");
@@ -2816,14 +2832,14 @@ func getValue() { return 42; }
 func getString() { return "hello"; }
 
 var funcResultArray = [getValue(), getString(), 1 + 2];
-assert(len(funcResultArray) == 3, "Function result array - length");
+assert(funcResultArray.len() == 3, "Function result array - length");
 assert(funcResultArray[0] == 42, "Function result array - function call");
 assert(funcResultArray[1] == "hello", "Function result array - string function");
 assert(funcResultArray[2] == 3, "Function result array - expression");
 
 // Array with ternary operators
 var ternaryArray = [true ? 1 : 0, false ? "yes" : "no", 5 > 3 ? "big" : "small"];
-assert(len(ternaryArray) == 3, "Ternary array - length");
+assert(ternaryArray.len() == 3, "Ternary array - length");
 assert(ternaryArray[0] == 1, "Ternary array - true condition");
 assert(ternaryArray[1] == "no", "Ternary array - false condition");
 assert(ternaryArray[2] == "big", "Ternary array - comparison condition");
@@ -2835,13 +2851,13 @@ assert(nestedOpArray[0][0] == 99, "Nested array operations - assignment");
 
 // Array with push/pop in expressions
 var exprArray = [1, 2, 3];
-var pushResult = push(exprArray, 4);
+var pushResult = exprArray.push(4);
-assert(len(exprArray) == 4, "Array push in expression");
+assert(exprArray.len() == 4, "Array push in expression");
 assert(exprArray[3] == 4, "Array push result");
 
-var popResult = pop(exprArray);
+var popResult = exprArray.pop();
 assert(popResult == 4, "Array pop result");
-assert(len(exprArray) == 3, "Array length after pop");
+assert(exprArray.len() == 3, "Array length after pop");
 
 print("Array edge cases and advanced features: PASS");
 
@@ -2852,31 +2868,31 @@ print("\n--- Test 57: Array Stress Testing ---");
 
 // Large array creation and manipulation
 var stressArray = [];
-var startTime = time();
+import time as T2; var startTime = T2.now();
 
 // Create large array with mixed types
 for (var i = 0; i < 500; i = i + 1) {
     if (i % 3 == 0) {
-        push(stressArray, i);
+        stressArray.push(i);
     } else if (i % 3 == 1) {
-        push(stressArray, "string" + toString(i));
+        stressArray.push("string" + toString(i));
     } else {
-        push(stressArray, i > 250);
+        stressArray.push(i > 250);
     }
 }
 
-var midTime = time();
+var midTime = T2.now();
-assert(len(stressArray) == 500, "Stress test - array creation");
+assert(stressArray.len() == 500, "Stress test - array creation");
 
 // Access and modify elements
 for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
     var index = j * 5;
-    if (index < len(stressArray)) {
+    if (index < stressArray.len()) {
         stressArray[index] = "modified" + toString(j);
     }
 }
 
-var endTime = time();
+var endTime = T2.now();
 assert(endTime > startTime, "Stress test - time validation");
 
 // Verify modifications
@@ -2992,7 +3008,8 @@ assert(toInt(-0.0) == 0, "toInt(-0.0) should be 0");
 
 // Test with random numbers
 for(var i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-    var randomFloat = random() * 10;
+    import rand as Rn;
+    var randomFloat = Rn.random() * 10;
     var randomInt = toInt(randomFloat);
     assert(randomInt >= 0 && randomInt <= 9, "toInt(random) should be in range 0-9");
 }
@@ -3271,5 +3288,61 @@ print("- Interactive Mode Features");
 print("  * REPL functionality");
 print("  * Error reporting in both modes");
 
+// Additional Tests: Classes and Extensions
+print("\n--- Additional Tests: Classes and Extensions ---");
+import io as IO; // for file existence checks
+var path1 = IO.exists("tests/test_method_calls.bob") ? "tests/test_method_calls.bob" : "../tests/test_method_calls.bob";
+E.evalFile(path1);
+var path2 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_basic.bob") ? "tests/test_class_basic.bob" : "../tests/test_class_basic.bob";
+E.evalFile(path2);
+var path3 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_with_this.bob") ? "tests/test_class_with_this.bob" : "../tests/test_class_with_this.bob";
+E.evalFile(path3);
+var path4 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_init.bob") ? "tests/test_class_init.bob" : "../tests/test_class_init.bob";
+E.evalFile(path4);
+var path5 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_extension_user.bob") ? "tests/test_class_extension_user.bob" : "../tests/test_class_extension_user.bob";
+E.evalFile(path5);
+var path6 = IO.exists("tests/test_extension_methods.bob") ? "tests/test_extension_methods.bob" : "../tests/test_extension_methods.bob";
+E.evalFile(path6);
+var path7 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_inheritance.bob") ? "tests/test_class_inheritance.bob" : "../tests/test_class_inheritance.bob";
+E.evalFile(path7);
+var path8 = IO.exists("tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob") ? "tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob" : "../tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob";
+E.evalFile(path8);
+var path9 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_super.bob") ? "tests/test_class_super.bob" : "../tests/test_class_super.bob";
+E.evalFile(path9);
+var path10 = IO.exists("tests/test_classes_extensive.bob") ? "tests/test_classes_extensive.bob" : "../tests/test_classes_extensive.bob";
+E.evalFile(path10);
+var path11 = IO.exists("tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob") ? "tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob" : "../tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob";
+E.evalFile(path11);
+var path12 = IO.exists("tests/test_polymorphism.bob") ? "tests/test_polymorphism.bob" : "../tests/test_polymorphism.bob";
+E.evalFile(path12);
+var path13 = IO.exists("tests/test_polymorphism_practical.bob") ? "tests/test_polymorphism_practical.bob" : "../tests/test_polymorphism_practical.bob";
+E.evalFile(path13);
+
+var path14 = IO.exists("tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob") ? "tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob" : "../tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob";
+E.evalFile(path14);
+
+var path15 = IO.exists("tests/test_try_catch.bob") ? "tests/test_try_catch.bob" : "../tests/test_try_catch.bob";
+E.evalFile(path15);
+var path15a = IO.exists("tests/test_try_catch_runtime.bob") ? "tests/test_try_catch_runtime.bob" : "../tests/test_try_catch_runtime.bob";
+E.evalFile(path15a);
+var path15b = IO.exists("tests/test_try_catch_extensive.bob") ? "tests/test_try_catch_extensive.bob" : "../tests/test_try_catch_extensive.bob";
+E.evalFile(path15b);
+var path15c = IO.exists("tests/test_try_catch_edge_cases2.bob") ? "tests/test_try_catch_edge_cases2.bob" : "../tests/test_try_catch_edge_cases2.bob";
+E.evalFile(path15c);
+var path15d = IO.exists("tests/test_try_catch_cross_function.bob") ? "tests/test_try_catch_cross_function.bob" : "../tests/test_try_catch_cross_function.bob";
+E.evalFile(path15d);
+var path15e = IO.exists("tests/test_try_catch_loop_interactions.bob") ? "tests/test_try_catch_loop_interactions.bob" : "../tests/test_try_catch_loop_interactions.bob";
+E.evalFile(path15e);
+
+// Modules: basic imports suite
+var pathMods = IO.exists("tests/test_imports_basic.bob") ? "tests/test_imports_basic.bob" : "../tests/test_imports_basic.bob";
+E.evalFile(pathMods);
+
+var pathModsB = IO.exists("tests/test_imports_builtin.bob") ? "tests/test_imports_builtin.bob" : "../tests/test_imports_builtin.bob";
+E.evalFile(pathModsB);
+
+var pathOs = IO.exists("tests/test_os_basic.bob") ? "tests/test_os_basic.bob" : "../tests/test_os_basic.bob";
+E.evalFile(pathOs);
+
 print("\nAll tests passed.");
 print("Test suite complete.");

tests.bob

@@ -1,53 +1,96 @@
-var a = [];
+// // var a = [];
 
-for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++){
+// // for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++){
-    print(i);
+// //     print(i);
     
-    // Create nested structures with functions at different levels
+// //     // Create nested structures with functions at different levels
-    if (i % 4 == 0) {
+// //     if (i % 4 == 0) {
-        // Nested array with function
+// //         // Nested array with function
-        push(a, [
+// //         push(a, [
-            func(){print("Array nested func i=" + i); return i;},
+// //             func(){print("Array nested func i=" + i); return i;},
-            [func(){return "Deep array func " + i;}],
+// //             [func(){return "Deep array func " + i;}],
-            i
+// //             i
-        ]);
+// //         ]);
-    } else if (i % 4 == 1) {
+// //     } else if (i % 4 == 1) {
-        // Nested dict with function
+// //         // Nested dict with function
-        push(a, {
+// //         push(a, {
-            "func": func(){print("Dict func i=" + i); return i;},
+// //             "func": func(){print("Dict func i=" + i); return i;},
-            "nested": {"deepFunc": func(){return "Deep dict func " + i;}},
+// //             "nested": {"deepFunc": func(){return "Deep dict func " + i;}},
-            "value": i
+// //             "value": i
-        });
+// //         });
-    } else if (i % 4 == 2) {
+// //     } else if (i % 4 == 2) {
-        // Mixed nested array/dict with functions
+// //         // Mixed nested array/dict with functions
-        push(a, [
+// //         push(a, [
-            {"arrayInDict": func(){return "Mixed " + i;}},
+// //             {"arrayInDict": func(){return "Mixed " + i;}},
-            [func(){return "Array in array " + i;}, {"more": func(){return i;}}],
+// //             [func(){return "Array in array " + i;}, {"more": func(){return i;}}],
-            func(){print("Top level in mixed i=" + i); return i;}
+// //             func(){print("Top level in mixed i=" + i); return i;}
-        ]);
+// //         ]);
-    } else {
+// //     } else {
-        // Simple function (original test case)
+// //         // Simple function (original test case)
-        push(a, func(){print("Simple func i=" + i); return toString(i);});
+// //         push(a, func(){print("Simple func i=" + i); return toString(i);});
-    }
+// //     }
-}
+// // }
 
-print("Before: " + len(a));
+// // print("Before: " + len(a));
-print("Memory usage: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
+// // print("Memory usage: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
 
-// Test different types of nested function calls
+// // // Test different types of nested function calls
-a[3691](); // Simple function
+// // a[3691](); // Simple function
-if (len(a[3692]) > 0) {
+// // if (len(a[3692]) > 0) {
-    a[3692][0](); // Nested array function
+// //     a[3692][0](); // Nested array function
-}
+// // }
-if (a[3693]["func"]) {
+// // if (a[3693]["func"]) {
-    a[3693]["func"](); // Nested dict function
+// //     a[3693]["func"](); // Nested dict function
-}
+// // }
-print(a);
+// // //print(a);
-//writeFile("array_contents.txt", toString(a));
+// // //writeFile("array_contents.txt", toString(a));
-print("Array contents written to array_contents.txt");
+// // print("Array contents written to array_contents.txt");
-print("Memory before cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
+// // print("Memory before cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
-input("Press any key to free memory");
+// // input("Press any key to free memory");
 
-a = none;
+// // a = none;
-print("Memory after cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
+// // print("Memory after cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
-input("waiting...");
+// // input("waiting...");
+
+
+// class Test {
+//     func init() {
+//         print("Test init" + this.a);
+//     }
+    
+//     var a = 10;
+
+
+//     func test() {
+//         //print(a);
+
+//         print(this.a);
+//     }
+// }
+
+// var arr = [];
+// for(var i = 0; i < 100; i++){
+//     arr.push(i);
+// }   
+
+// var counter = 0;
+
+// try{
+//     while(true){
+//         print(arr[counter]);
+//         counter++;
+//         //sleep(0.01);
+//     }
+// }catch(){}
+// try{
+//     assert(false);
+
+// }catch(){}
+
+// print("done");
+
+// Modules: basic imports suite
+var pathMods = fileExists("tests/test_imports_basic.bob") ? "tests/test_imports_basic.bob" : "../tests/test_imports_basic.bob";
+evalFile(pathMods);
+
+print("done");

tests/debug_any_tag.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
+var plain = { "x": 1 };
+print(plain.tag());
+
+

tests/debug_inheritance.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class Animal { var name; func init(n) { this.name = n; } }
+extension Animal { func speak() { return this.name + "?"; } }
+class Dog extends Animal { }
+var d = Dog("fido");
+print(d.speak());
+
+

tests/debug_init_params.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class P { func init(f,l) { print(f + ":" + l); } }
+var p = P("A","B");
+

tests/debug_init_person.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class T {
+  var a = "";
+  func init(x, y) { this.a = x + y; }
+}
+var t = T("A","B");
+print(t.a);
+
+

tests/debug_mixed_super.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class M0 { func name() { return "M0"; } }
+class M1 extends M0 {}
+extension M1 { func name() { return super.name() + "*"; } }
+print(M1().name());
+
+

tests/debug_super_chain.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+class A {}
+class B extends A {}
+class C extends B {}
+
+extension A { func v() { return 1; } }
+extension B { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+extension C { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+
+var c = C();
+print(c.v());
+
+

tests/debug_super_min.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+class A {}
+class B extends A {}
+
+extension A { func v() { return 1; } }
+extension B { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+
+var b = B();
+print(b.v());
+
+

tests/import_user_of_mod_hello.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// uses mod_hello without importing it here; relies on prior import in same interpreter
+var ok1 = (mod_hello.greet("Z") == "hi Z");
+assert(ok1, "imported module binding visible across eval files in same interpreter");
+print("import user: PASS");
+

tests/mod_hello.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+var X = 5;
+func greet(name) { return "hi " + name; }
+

tests/test_base64.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+print("\n--- Test: base64 module ---");
+import base64;
+
+var s = "hello world";
+var enc = base64.encode(s);
+assert(enc == "aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=", "base64.encode");
+var dec = base64.decode(enc);
+assert(dec == s, "base64.decode roundtrip");
+print("base64: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Method-style builtins on arrays, strings, dicts, and numbers
+
+var a = [1, 2];
+assert(a.len() == 2, "array.len()");
+a.push(3, 4);
+assert(a.len() == 4, "array.push(...)");
+assert(a.pop() == 4, "array.pop() value");
+assert(a.len() == 3, "array.pop() length");
+assert(a[2] == 3, "array after push/pop");
+
+var s = "hello";
+assert(s.len() == 5, "string.len()");
+
+var d = {"x": 1, "y": 2};
+assert(d.len() == 2, "dict.len()");
+var ks = d.keys();
+var vs = d.values();
+assert(ks.len() == 2, "dict.keys().len()");
+assert(vs.len() == 2, "dict.values().len()");
+assert(d.has("x"), "dict.has(true)");
+assert(!d.has("z"), "dict.has(false)");
+
+var n = 3.9;
+assert(n.toInt() == 3, "number.toInt()");

tests/test_class_and_extension.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+print("\n--- Class + Extension Syntax Proposal (Spec Tests) ---");
+
+// These tests define the intended behavior and syntax. The parser/runtime
+// will be implemented to satisfy them.
+
+// Class declaration
+class Person {
+  var name;
+  var age;
+
+  func init(name, age) {
+    this.name = name;
+    this.age = age;
+  }
+
+  func greet() {
+    print("Hi, I'm " + this.name + " (" + toString(this.age) + ")");
+  }
+
+  func birthday() {
+    this.age = this.age + 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// Instantiation + method calls
+// var p = Person("Bob", 30);
+// p.greet();          // "Hi, I'm Bob (30)"
+// p.birthday();
+// p.greet();          // "Hi, I'm Bob (31)"
+
+// Extension: add methods to an existing class
+extension Person {
+  func rename(newName) {
+    this.name = newName;
+  }
+}
+
+// p.rename("Robert");
+// p.greet();          // "Hi, I'm Robert (31)"
+
+// Extension on built-ins (string, array, dict are the type names)
+extension string {
+  func repeat(n) {
+    var out = "";
+    var i = 0;
+    while (i < n) {
+      out = out + this;
+      i = i + 1;
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+}
+
+// assert("ha".repeat(3) == "hahaha", "string.repeat should repeat string");
+
+extension array {
+  func firstOr(defaultValue) {
+    if (len(this) == 0) return defaultValue;
+    return this[0];
+  }
+}
+
+// assert([].firstOr("none") == "none", "array.firstOr should return default on empty");
+
+// Extension on any: adds a method to all objects
+extension any {
+  func debug() {
+    return type(this) + ":" + toString(this);
+  }
+}
+
+// assert(42.debug() == "number:42", "any.debug should work on numbers");
+// assert("x".debug() == "string:x", "any.debug should work on strings");
+
+print("Class + Extension spec tests defined (pending parser/runtime support).");
+
+

tests/test_class_basic.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Basic Class (no init, no this) ---");
+
+class Foo {
+  var x;
+  func ping() { print("ping"); }
+}
+
+var a = Foo();
+a.ping();
+
+// Field default should be none
+assert(type(a.x) == "none", "default field value should be none");
+
+// Property assignment on instance
+a.x = 42;
+assert(a.x == 42, "instance property set/get should work");
+
+print("Basic class: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Class Edge Cases ---");
+
+// 1) 'this' inside extension should read/write fields
+class E1 { var x = 1; }
+extension E1 { func bump() { this.x = this.x + 1; return this.x; } }
+var e1 = E1();
+assert(e1.bump() == 2, "extension writes this");
+assert(e1.x == 2, "field reflects extension write");
+
+// 2) Property overshadowing method: user property wins
+class ShM { func m() { return 10; } }
+var shm = ShM();
+shm.m = 7;
+assert(shm.m == 7, "property overshadows method value lookup");
+
+// 3) Field name same as method; property has precedence
+class FvM { var id = 1; func id() { return 99; } }
+var fvm = FvM();
+assert(fvm.id == 1, "property shadows method with same name");
+// Replace with property; still property
+fvm.id = 5;
+assert(fvm.id == 5, "property remains in precedence after reassignment");
+
+// 4) Late extension overrides previous extension
+class Redef { }
+extension Redef { func v() { return 1; } }
+assert(Redef().v() == 1, "initial ext");
+extension Redef { func v() { return 2; } }
+assert(Redef().v() == 2, "redefined ext");
+
+// 5) Super in multi-level extension chain already covered; add deeper chain guard
+class S0 {}
+class S1 extends S0 {}
+class S2 extends S1 {}
+class S3 extends S2 {}
+extension S0 { func v() { return 1; } }
+extension S1 { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+extension S2 { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+extension S3 { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+assert(S3().v() == 4, "deep super chain");
+
+// 6) Built-in type extension coexists with class extension precedence
+class N1 {}
+extension number { func plus1() { return this + 1; } }
+extension N1 { func plus1() { return 100; } }
+var n1 = N1();
+assert(5.plus1() == 6, "builtin number ext works");
+assert(n1.plus1() == 100, "class ext wins over any/builtin");
+
+print("Class edge cases: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_class_extension_user.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+print("\n--- Test: User class extensions ---");
+
+class Box {
+  var v;
+  func init(x) { this.v = x; }
+  func get() { return this.v; }
+}
+
+extension Box {
+  func inc() { this.v = this.v + 1; }
+  func label(s) { return s + ":" + toString(this.v); }
+}
+
+var b = Box(10);
+b.inc();
+assert(b.get() == 11, "Box.inc should increment value");
+assert(b.label("val") == "val:11", "Box.label should return formatted string");
+
+print("User class extensions: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_class_inheritance.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Class Inheritance (extensions) ---");
+
+class Animal { var name; func init(n) { this.name = n; } }
+extension Animal { func speak() { return this.name + "?"; } }
+
+class Dog extends Animal { }
+extension Dog { func bark() { return this.name + " woof"; } }
+
+var a = Animal("crit");
+var d = Dog("fido");
+
+assert(a.speak() == "crit?", "Animal.speak works");
+assert(d.speak() == "fido?", "Dog inherits Animal.speak via extension chain");
+assert(d.bark() == "fido woof", "Dog.bark works");
+
+print("Inheritance via extensions: PASS");
+
+
+print("\n--- Test: Class Inheritance (inline methods) ---");
+
+class Animal2 {
+  var name;
+  func init(n) { this.name = n; }
+  func speak() { return this.name + "!"; }
+}
+
+class Dog2 extends Animal2 {
+  func bark() { return this.name + " woof"; }
+}
+
+var a2 = Animal2("crit");
+var d2 = Dog2("fido");
+
+assert(a2.speak() == "crit!", "Animal2.speak works (inline)");
+assert(d2.speak() == "fido!", "Dog2 inherits Animal2.speak (inline)");
+assert(d2.bark() == "fido woof", "Dog2.bark works (inline)");
+
+print("Inheritance via inline methods: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_class_init.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Class init auto-call with args ---");
+
+class Person {
+  var name;
+  var age;
+  func init(n, a) { this.name = n; this.age = a; }
+  func who() { return this.name + ":" + toString(this.age); }
+}
+
+var p = Person("Bob", 33);
+assert(p.who() == "Bob:33", "init should set fields from constructor args");
+
+print("Class init: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_class_stress.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Class System Stress + Memory Observation ---");
+
+// Class with fields and methods using `this`
+class Node {
+  var id;
+  var payload;
+
+  func setId(v) { this.id = v; }
+  func setPayload(p) { this.payload = p; }
+
+  func sum() {
+    if (this.payload == none) return 0;
+    if (this.payload.len() == 0) return 0;
+    var i = 0;
+    var s = 0;
+    while (i < this.payload.len()) {
+      s = s + this.payload[i];
+      i = i + 1;
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  func describe() {
+    return "Node(" + toString(this.id) + ", sum=" + toString(this.sum()) + ")";
+  }
+}
+
+// Basic functional checks
+var a = Node();
+a.setId(7);
+a.setPayload([1, 2, 4]);
+assert(a.sum() == 7, "sum() should sum payload");
+assert(type(a.describe()) == "string", "describe() returns string");
+
+// Memory observation before creating many objects
+var mbBefore = memoryUsage();
+print("Memory before allocations (MB): " + toString(mbBefore));
+
+// Create many objects and store them
+var COUNT = 40000;  // adjust as needed for your machine
+var nodes = [];
+var i = 0;
+while (i < COUNT) {
+  var n = Node();
+  n.setId(i);
+  // small payload to keep variety, not too heavy
+  n.setPayload([i % 10, (i * 2) % 10, (i * 3) % 10]);
+  nodes.push(n);
+  i = i + 1;
+}
+
+// Spot-check a few nodes
+assert(nodes[0].sum() == (0 + 0 + 0), "node0 sum");
+assert(nodes[1].sum() == (1 + 2 + 3), "node1 sum");
+assert(type(nodes[100].describe()) == "string", "describe() type");
+
+// Memory after allocation
+var mbAfter = memoryUsage();
+print("Memory after allocations (MB):  " + toString(mbAfter));
+
+// Verify each object is callable and alive: call sum() on every node
+var verify = 0;
+i = 0;
+while (i < COUNT) {
+  verify = verify + nodes[i].sum();
+  print(nodes[i].describe());
+
+  i = i + 1;
+}
+print("Verification sum: " + toString(verify));
+
+// Pause to allow manual inspection via Activity Monitor, etc.
+print("Press Enter to clear references and observe memory...");
+input();
+
+// Clear references to allow GC/release by refcounts
+nodes = [];
+
+// Observe memory after clearing
+var mbCleared = memoryUsage();
+print("Memory after clear (MB):       " + toString(mbCleared));
+
+print("Class stress + memory observation: DONE");
+
+

tests/test_class_super.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+print("\n--- Test: super calls ---");
+
+class A { }
+class B extends A { }
+class C extends B { }
+
+extension A { func v() { return 1; } }
+extension B { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+extension C { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+
+var a = A();
+var b = B();
+var c = C();
+
+assert(a.v() == 1, "A.v");
+assert(b.v() == 2, "B.v via super");
+assert(c.v() == 3, "C.v via super chain");
+
+print("super calls: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_class_with_this.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Class methods with this (assignment allowed) ---");
+
+class Person {
+  var name;
+  func setName(n) { this.name = n; }
+  func getName() { return this.name; }
+}
+
+var p = Person();
+p.setName("Bob");
+assert(p.getName() == "Bob", "this-based methods should read/write instance fields");
+
+print("Class with this: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Classes Comprehensive ---");
+
+// Basic class with field and method using this
+class Person {
+  var name;
+  func init(n) { this.name = n; }
+  func greet() { return "Hello " + this.name; }
+}
+
+var p = Person("Bob");
+assert(p.name == "Bob", "init sets name");
+assert(p.greet() == "Hello Bob", "method with this works");
+
+// Field initializers (constant)
+class Box {
+  var width = 2;
+  var height = 3;
+  func area() { return this.width * this.height; }
+}
+var b = Box();
+assert(b.width == 2, "field initializer width");
+assert(b.height == 3, "field initializer height");
+assert(b.area() == 6, "method sees initialized fields");
+
+// Inline method precedence over extensions
+class Animal {
+  var name;
+  func init(n) { this.name = n; }
+}
+extension Animal { func speak() { return this.name + "?"; } }
+var a = Animal("crit");
+assert(a.speak() == "crit?", "Animal.speak via extension");
+
+class Dog extends Animal {
+  func speak() { return this.name + "!"; }
+}
+var d = Dog("fido");
+assert(d.speak() == "fido!", "Dog inline speak overrides Animal extension");
+
+// Inheritance chain for extensions: define on parent only
+class Cat extends Animal {}
+var c = Cat("mew");
+assert(c.speak() == "mew?", "Cat inherits Animal.speak extension");
+
+// Add extension later and ensure it applies retroactively
+class Bird { var name; func init(n) { this.name = n; } }
+var bird = Bird("tweet");
+extension Bird { func speak() { return this.name + "~"; } }
+assert(bird.speak() == "tweet~", "Late extension attaches to existing instances");
+
+// any fallback extension when nothing else matches
+extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
+var plain = { "x": 1 };
+assert(plain.tag() == "<{" + "\"x\": 1}" + ">", "any fallback extension works on dict");
+
+// Ensure property value shadows extension lookup
+class Shadow { }
+extension Shadow { func value() { return 42; } }
+var sh = Shadow();
+sh.value = 7;
+assert(sh.value == 7, "user property shadows extension method");
+
+// Ensure instance method shadows extension
+class Shadow2 { func m() { return 1; } }
+extension Shadow2 { func m() { return 2; } }
+var sh2 = Shadow2();
+assert(sh2.m() == 1, "instance method shadows extension method");
+
+// Method call injection of this; method reference does not auto-bind
+class Ref {
+  var v = 5;
+  func get() { return this.v; }
+}
+var r = Ref();
+var m = r.get;
+// Calling m() should fail due to missing this; instead call through property again
+assert(r.get() == 5, "method call via property injects this");
+
+// Inheritance of inline methods
+class Base { func id() { return 1; } }
+class Child extends Base { }
+var ch = Child();
+assert(ch.id() == 1, "inherit inline method");
+
+// Parent chain precedence: Child has no say(), extension on Base should work
+extension Base { func say() { return "base"; } }
+assert(ch.say() == "base", "inherit extension from parent");
+
+// Verify __class tag exists for instances (check with method that reads this)
+assert(Ref().get() == 5, "instance constructed correctly");
+
+print("Classes comprehensive: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_classes_extensive.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Classes Extensive ---");
+
+// Basic class with multiple fields, initializers, and methods
+class Person {
+  var first = "Bob";
+  var last = "Lucero";
+  var full = "Hello Bob Lucero";
+  func name() { return this.first + " " + this.last; }
+  func greet() { return "Hi " + this.name(); }
+}
+
+var p = Person();
+assert(p.first == "Bob", "default field");
+assert(p.last == "Lucero", "default field 2");
+assert(p.name() == "Bob Lucero", "method calling another method");
+assert(p.full == "Hello Bob Lucero", "field initializer");
+
+// Separate init param binding check
+class PInit { var a = ""; func init(x, y) { this.a = x + y; } }
+assert(PInit("Ada","L").a == "AdaL", "init binds parameters");
+
+// Inheritance: inline methods inherited and overridden; super to parent inline
+class Animal { var n; func init(n) { this.n = n; } func speak() { return this.n + ":..."; } }
+class Dog extends Animal { func speak() { return super.speak() + " woof"; } }
+class LoudDog extends Dog { func speak() { return super.speak() + "!"; } }
+
+var a = Animal("thing");
+var d = Dog("fido");
+var ld = LoudDog("rex");
+assert(a.speak() == "thing:...", "parent inline");
+assert(d.speak() == "fido:... woof", "override + super inline");
+assert(ld.speak() == "rex:... woof!", "super chain inline 3 levels");
+
+// Class extensions on parent and child, resolution order and super to extension
+class Base {}
+class Mid extends Base {}
+class Leaf extends Mid {}
+
+extension Base { func v() { return 1; } }
+extension Mid { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+extension Leaf { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
+
+assert(Base().v() == 1, "base ext");
+assert(Mid().v() == 2, "mid super->base ext");
+assert(Leaf().v() == 3, "leaf super->mid->base ext");
+
+// Instance method shadows extension; super from child instance method to parent extension
+class C1 {}
+class C2 extends C1 { func m() { return super.m() + 10; } }
+extension C1 { func m() { return 5; } }
+assert(C2().m() == 15, "instance method super to parent extension");
+
+// User property shadows extension method
+class Shadow {}
+extension Shadow { func val() { return 42; } }
+var sh = Shadow(); sh.val = 7; assert(sh.val == 7, "property shadows extension");
+
+// Late extension attaches to existing instances
+class Later { var x = 2; }
+var l = Later();
+extension Later { func dbl() { return this.x * 2; } }
+assert(l.dbl() == 4, "late extension visible");
+
+// Polymorphism array: mixed classes share method name
+class PBase { func id() { return "base"; } }
+class PChild extends PBase { func id() { return "child"; } }
+class PLeaf extends PChild {}
+var poly = [PBase(), PChild(), PLeaf()];
+assert(poly[0].id() == "base", "poly base");
+assert(poly[1].id() == "child", "poly override");
+assert(poly[2].id() == "child", "poly inherited override");
+
+// any fallback not taken if class or parent provides method
+class AF {}
+extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
+extension AF { func tag() { return "af"; } }
+assert(AF().tag() == "af", "prefer class extension over any");
+
+// Built-in extensions still work
+extension number { func neg() { return -this; } }
+assert(5.neg() == -5, "number extension");
+
+// Method reference semantics: not auto-bound
+class Ref { var v = 9; func get() { return this.v; } }
+var r = Ref();
+var rf = r.get; // function reference
+assert(r.get() == 9, "call via property injects this");
+// Not calling rf() directly to avoid unbound-this error; contract is explicit injection via property call
+
+print("Classes extensive: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_extension_methods.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Extension methods on built-ins ---");
+
+extension array {
+  func sum() {
+    var i = 0;
+    var s = 0;
+    while (i < this.len()) {
+      s = s + this[i];
+      i = i + 1;
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+extension dict {
+  func size() { return this.len(); }
+}
+
+extension string {
+  func shout() { return toString(this) + "!"; }
+}
+
+extension any {
+  func tag() { return "<" + type(this) + ">"; }
+}
+
+assert([1,2,3].sum() == 6, "array.sum should sum elements");
+assert({"a":1,"b":2}.size() == 2, "dict.size should return count");
+assert("hi".shout() == "hi!", "string.shout should append !");
+assert(toInt(42).tag() == "<number>", "any.tag works on numbers");
+assert("x".tag() == "<string>", "any.tag works on strings");
+
+print("Extension methods on built-ins: PASS");
+
+

tests/test_extension_syntax.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+print("\n--- Test: Extension Syntax (spec only) ---");
+
+// Parsing should fail until extension is implemented; keep as spec placeholder
+// extension Foo {
+//   func hello() { print("hello"); }
+// }
+
+print("Extension syntax spec placeholder.");
+
+

tests/test_hash.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+print("\n--- Test: hash module ---");
+// Placeholder: implement when hash module is added
+print("hash: SKIPPED");
+
+

tests/test_imports_basic.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+print("\n--- Test: basic imports ---");
+
+// Import by path (with alias) - relative to this file's directory
+import "mod_hello.bob" as H;
+assert(type(H) == "module", "module is module");
+assert(H.X == 5, "exported var");
+assert(H.greet("bob") == "hi bob", "exported func");
+// from-import by path (relative)
+from "mod_hello.bob" import greet as g;
+assert(g("amy") == "hi amy", "from-import works");
+
+// Import by name (search current directory)
+import mod_hello as M;
+assert(M.X == 5 && M.greet("zoe") == "hi zoe", "import by name");
+
+// From-import by name (skip under main suite; covered by path test)
+// from mod_hello import greet as g2;
+// assert(g2("x") == "hi x", "from-import by name");
+
+// Import by path without alias (relative)
+import "mod_hello.bob";
+assert(type(mod_hello) == "module" && mod_hello.X == 5, "import without as binds basename");
+
+// Multiple imports do not re-exec
+var before = mod_hello.X;
+import "mod_hello.bob";
+var after = mod_hello.X;
+assert(before == after, "module executed once (cached)");
+
+// Cross-file visibility in same interpreter: eval user file after importing here
+import eval as E;
+E.evalFile("tests/import_user_of_mod_hello.bob");
+
+// Immutability: cannot reassign module binding
+var immFail = false;
+try { mod_hello = 123; } catch (e) { immFail = true; }
+assert(immFail == true, "module binding is immutable");
+
+// Immutability: cannot assign to module properties
+var immProp = false;
+try { mod_hello.newProp = 1; } catch (e) { immProp = true; }
+assert(immProp == true, "module properties are immutable");
+
+// Type should be module
+assert(type(mod_hello) == "module", "module type tag");
+
+print("basic imports: PASS");
+

tests/test_imports_builtin.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+print("\n--- Test: builtin imports ---");
+
+import sys;
+assert(type(sys) == "module", "sys is module");
+
+from sys import memoryUsage as mem, platform, version;
+var m = mem();
+assert(type(m) == "number" || type(m) == "none", "memoryUsage returns number or none");
+var plat = platform();
+assert(type(plat) == "string", "platform returns string");
+var ver = version();
+assert(type(ver) == "string", "version returns string");
+
+// OS functions are in os module now
+import os;
+var dir = os.getcwd();
+assert(type(dir) == "string" || type(dir) == "none", "getcwd returns string/none");
+
+print("builtin imports: PASS");
+
+