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Various changes, again. Updated extension. Added classes, super, this, polymorphism.

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Runtime: add method dispatch for array/string/dict/number (.len, .push, .pop, .keys, .values, .has, .toInt)
Stdlib: delete global len/push/pop/keys/values/has
Tests/docs/examples: migrate to method style; add tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob
All tests pass
Breaking: global len/push/pop/keys/values/has removed; use methods instead
Parser/AST: add class/extends/extension/super, field initializers
Runtime: shared methods with this injection; classParents/classTemplates; super resolution; ownerClass/currentClass; extension lookup order
Builtins: method dispatch for array/string/dict/number (.len/.push/.pop/.keys/.values/.has/.toInt); remove global forms
Tests/docs/examples: add/refresh for classes, inheritance, super, polymorphism; migrate to method style; all tests pass
VS Code extension: update grammar/readme/snippets for new features
This commit is contained in:
Bobby Lucero 2025-08-10 22:44:46 -04:00
parent 7a9c0b7ea9
commit 3138f6fb92
49 changed files with 1769 additions and 442 deletions
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102
Reference/BOB_LANGUAGE_REFERENCE.md
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@ -233,19 +233,26 @@ toBoolean(1); // true
type(42); // "number"
```
### Arrays & Strings
### Arrays, Strings, and Dictionaries: Method style (preferred)
```go
len([1, 2, 3]); // 3
len("hello"); // 5
push(array, value); // Add to end
pop(array); // Remove from end
[1, 2, 3].len(); // 3
"hello".len(); // 5
var a = [1, 2]; a.push(3); // a is now [1, 2, 3]
var v = a.pop(); // v == 3
var d = {"a": 1, "b": 2};
d.len(); // 2
d.keys(); // ["a", "b"]
d.values(); // [1, 2]
d.has("a"); // true
```
### Dictionaries
Note: Global forms like `len(x)`, `push(arr, ...)`, `pop(arr)`, `keys(dict)`, `values(dict)`, `has(dict, key)` have been removed. Use method style.
### Numbers
```go
keys(dict); // Array of keys
values(dict); // Array of values
has(dict, "key"); // Check if key exists
toInt(3.9); // 3 (global)
(3.9).toInt(); // 3 (method on number)
```
### Utility
@ -278,12 +285,12 @@ The following built-ins are available by default. Unless specified, functions th
- toInt(n): truncates number to integer
- toBoolean(x): converts to boolean using truthiness rules
- type(x): returns the type name as string
- len(x): length of array/string/dict
- push(arr, ...values): appends values to array in place, returns arr
- pop(arr): removes and returns last element
- keys(dict): returns array of keys
- values(dict): returns array of values
- has(dict, key): returns true if key exists
- len(x) / x.len(): length of array/string/dict
- push(arr, ...values) / arr.push(...values): appends values to array in place, returns arr
- pop(arr) / arr.pop(): removes and returns last element
- keys(dict) / dict.keys(): returns array of keys
- values(dict) / dict.values(): returns array of values
- has(dict, key) / dict.has(key): returns true if key exists
- readFile(path): returns entire file contents as string
- writeFile(path, content): writes content to file
- readLines(path): returns array of lines
@ -297,9 +304,62 @@ The following built-ins are available by default. Unless specified, functions th
Notes:
- Arrays support properties: length, first, last, empty
- Dicts support properties: length, empty, keys, values
- Method-style builtins on arrays/strings/dicts are preferred; global forms remain for compatibility.
## Advanced Features
### Classes (Phase 1)
```go
// Declare a class with fields and methods
class Person {
var name;
var age;
// Methods can use implicit `this`
func setName(n) { this.name = n; }
func greet() { print("Hi, I'm " + this.name); }
}
// Construct via the class name
var p = Person();
p.setName("Bob");
p.greet();
// Fields are stored on the instance (a dictionary under the hood)
p.age = 30;
```
Notes:
- Instances are plain dictionaries; methods are shared functions placed on the instance.
- On a property call like `obj.method(...)`, the interpreter injects `this = obj` into the call frame (no argument injection).
- Taking a method reference and calling it later does not auto‑bind `this`; call via `obj.method(...)` when needed.
### Extensions (Built‑ins and Classes)
Extend existing types (including built‑ins) with new methods:
```go
extension array {
func sum() {
var i = 0; var s = 0;
while (i < len(this)) { s = s + this[i]; i = i + 1; }
return s;
}
}
extension dict { func size() { return len(this); } }
extension string { func shout() { return toString(this) + "!"; } }
extension any { func tag() { return "<" + type(this) + ">"; } }
assert([1,2,3].sum() == 6);
assert({"a":1,"b":2}.size() == 2);
assert("hi".shout() == "hi!");
assert(42.tag() == "<number>");
```
Notes:
- Lookup order for `obj.method(...)`: instance dictionary → class extensions (for user classes) → built‑in extensions (string/array/dict) → `any`.
- `this` is injected for property calls.
### String Interpolation
```go
var name = "Alice";
@ -381,7 +441,7 @@ var people = [
{"name": "Bob", "age": 25}
];
for (var i = 0; i < len(people); i = i + 1) {
for (var i = 0; i < people.len(); i = i + 1) {
var person = people[i];
print(person["name"] + " is " + person["age"] + " years old");
}
@ -392,17 +452,17 @@ for (var i = 0; i < len(people); i = i + 1) {
var lines = readLines("data.txt");
var processed = [];
for (var i = 0; i < len(lines); i = i + 1) {
for (var i = 0; i < lines.len(); i = i + 1) {
var line = lines[i];
if (len(line) > 0) {
push(processed, "Processed: " + line);
if (line.len() > 0) {
processed.push("Processed: " + line);
}
}
var output = "";
for (var i = 0; i < len(processed); i = i + 1) {
for (var i = 0; i < processed.len(); i = i + 1) {
output = output + processed[i];
if (i < len(processed) - 1) {
if (i < processed.len() - 1) {
output = output + "\n";
}
}

13
bob-language-extension/README.md
View File

@ -17,11 +17,14 @@ This extension provides syntax highlighting and language support for the Bob pro
- Control flow: `if`, `else`, `while`, `for`, `break`, `continue`, `return`
- Variable declaration: `var`
- Function declaration: `func`
- Classes and OOP: `class`, `extends`, `extension`, `this`, `super`
- Logical operators: `and`, `or`, `not`
### Built-in Functions
- `print()`, `assert()`, `input()`, `type()`, `toString()`, `toNumber()`, `time()`
- `sleep()`, `printRaw()`, `len()`, `push()`, `pop()`, `random()`, `eval()`
- `print()`, `assert()`, `input()`, `type()`, `toString()`, `toNumber()`, `toInt()`, `time()`, `sleep()`, `printRaw()`
- Arrays/Dictionaries (preferred method style): `arr.len()`, `arr.push(...)`, `arr.pop()`, `dict.len()`, `dict.keys()`, `dict.values()`, `dict.has()`
- Global forms still available: `len(x)`, `push(arr, ...)`, `pop(arr)`, `keys(dict)`, `values(dict)`, `has(dict, key)`
- Misc: `random()`, `eval()`
### Data Types
- Numbers (integers, floats, binary `0b1010`, hex `0xFF`)
@ -92,9 +95,11 @@ Files with the `.bob` extension will automatically be recognized as Bob language
var message = "Hello, Bob!";
print(message);
// Array operations
// Array operations (method style)
var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
print("Array length: " + len(numbers));
print("Array length: " + numbers.len());
numbers.push(6);
print("Popped: " + numbers.pop());
print("First element: " + numbers[0]);
// Function with ternary operator

BIN
bob-language-extension/bob-language-0.5.0.vsix Normal file
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6
bob-language-extension/example.bob
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@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ print("Pi: " + toString(pi));
var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
print("Array length: " + len(numbers));
print("Array length: " + numbers.len());
print("First element: " + numbers[0]);
numbers[2] = 99; // Array assignment
push(numbers, 6); // Add element
var lastElement = pop(numbers); // Remove and get last element
numbers.push(6); // Add element
var lastElement = numbers.pop(); // Remove and get last element
// Function definition
func factorial(n) {

2
bob-language-extension/language-configuration.json
View File

@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
["'", "'"]
],
"indentationRules": {
"increaseIndentPattern": "\\{[^}]*$|\\b(func|if|else|while|for)\\b.*$",
"increaseIndentPattern": "\\{[^}]*$|\\b(func|if|else|while|for|class|extension)\\b.*$",
"decreaseIndentPattern": "^\\s*[})]"
},
"folding": {

2
bob-language-extension/package.json
View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
"name": "bob-language",
"displayName": "Bob Language",
"description": "Syntax highlighting and language support for the Bob programming language - featuring arrays, dictionaries, auto-truncating float indices, increment/decrement operators, cross-type comparisons, and comprehensive built-in functions",
"version": "0.4.0",
"version": "0.5.0",
"engines": {
"vscode": "^1.60.0"
},

26
bob-language-extension/snippets/bob.json
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@ -53,6 +53,32 @@
],
"description": "Declare a variable"
},
"Class Declaration": {
"prefix": "class",
"body": [
"class ${1:ClassName} ${2:extends ${3:Parent}} {",
" var ${4:field} = ${5:none};",
" func init(${6:args}) {",
" this.${4:field} = ${7:value};",
" }",
" func ${8:method}(${9:params}) {",
" $0",
" }",
"}"
],
"description": "Create a class with optional extends, fields, init, and method"
},
"Extension Block": {
"prefix": "extension",
"body": [
"extension ${1:Target} {",
" func ${2:method}(${3:params}) {",
" $0",
" }",
"}"
],
"description": "Create an extension for a class or builtin (string, array, dict, number, any)"
}
"Print Statement": {
"prefix": "print",
"body": [

2
bob-language-extension/syntaxes/bob.tmLanguage.json
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@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
"patterns": [
{
"name": "keyword.control.bob",
"match": "\\b(if|else|while|do|for|break|continue|return|var|func)\\b"
"match": "\\b(if|else|while|do|for|break|continue|return|var|func|class|extends|extension|this|super)\\b"
},
{
"name": "keyword.operator.bob",

40
leakTests/leaktest_builtin.bob
View File

@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ print("Test 1: Heavy string operations");
var stringData = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
var str = toString(i) + "_" + toString(i * 2) + "_" + toString(i * 3);
push(stringData, {
stringData.push({
"original": str,
"upper": str, // Bob doesn't have toUpper, but test string storage
"length": len(str),
"length": str.len(),
"type": type(str)
});
}
print("Created " + len(stringData) + " string operation results");
print("Created " + stringData.len() + " string operation results");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear string data...");
stringData = none;
@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 200000; i++) {
var intVal = toInt(num);
var boolVal = toBoolean(i % 2);
push(conversions, [
conversions.push([
num, str, backToNum, intVal, boolVal,
type(num), type(str), type(backToNum), type(intVal), type(boolVal)
]);
}
print("Created " + len(conversions) + " type conversion results");
print("Created " + conversions.len() + " type conversion results");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear conversions...");
conversions = [];
@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
var dict = {"a": i, "b": i+1, "c": i+2};
// Use builtin functions heavily
var arrLen = len(arr);
push(arr, i+3);
var popped = pop(arr);
var arrLen = arr.len();
arr.push(i+3);
var popped = arr.pop();
var dictKeys = keys(dict);
var dictValues = values(dict);
var hasA = has(dict, "a");
var dictKeys = dict.keys();
var dictValues = dict.values();
var hasA = dict.has("a");
push(collections, {
collections.push({
"array": arr,
"dict": dict,
"arrLen": arrLen,
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
"hasA": hasA
});
}
print("Created " + len(collections) + " collection operation results");
print("Created " + collections.len() + " collection operation results");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear collections...");
collections = "cleared";
@ -88,14 +88,14 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
var funcExpr = "func() { return " + toString(i) + "; };";
var evalFunc = eval(funcExpr);
push(evalResults, {
evalResults.push({
"expr": expression,
"result": result,
"func": evalFunc,
"funcResult": evalFunc()
});
}
print("Created " + len(evalResults) + " eval results");
print("Created " + evalResults.len() + " eval results");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear eval results...");
evalResults = none;
@ -121,15 +121,15 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
var readContent = readFile(filename);
var lines = readLines(filename);
push(fileData, {
fileData.push({
"filename": filename,
"exists": exists,
"content": readContent,
"lines": lines,
"lineCount": len(lines)
"lineCount": lines.len()
});
}
print("Created " + len(fileData) + " file operation results");
print("Created " + fileData.len() + " file operation results");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear file data...");
fileData = [];
@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 200000; i++) {
var rand2 = random();
var sum = rand1 + rand2;
push(randomData, {
randomData.push({
"rand1": rand1,
"rand2": rand2,
"sum": sum,
"product": rand1 * rand2
});
}
print("Created " + len(randomData) + " random number results");
print("Created " + randomData.len() + " random number results");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear random data...");
randomData = none;

22
leakTests/leaktest_collections.bob
View File

@ -8,13 +8,13 @@ print("Initial memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
print("Test 1: Large nested arrays");
var nestedArrays = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
push(nestedArrays, [
nestedArrays.push([
[i, i+1, i+2],
[i*2, i*3, i*4],
[[i, [i+1, [i+2]]], i*5]
]);
}
print("Created " + len(nestedArrays) + " nested array structures");
print("Created " + nestedArrays.len() + " nested array structures");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear nested arrays...");
nestedArrays = none;
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
print("Test 2: Large nested dictionaries");
var nestedDicts = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
push(nestedDicts, {
nestedDicts.push({
"id": i,
"data": {
"value": i * 2,
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
}
});
}
print("Created " + len(nestedDicts) + " nested dictionary structures");
print("Created " + nestedDicts.len() + " nested dictionary structures");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear nested dicts...");
nestedDicts = [];
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
print("Test 3: Mixed array/dict structures");
var mixedStructures = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
push(mixedStructures, [
mixedStructures.push([
{"arrays": [[i, i+1], [i+2, i+3]]},
[{"dicts": {"a": i, "b": i+1}}, {"more": [i, i+1]}],
{
@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
}
]);
}
print("Created " + len(mixedStructures) + " mixed structures");
print("Created " + mixedStructures.len() + " mixed structures");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear mixed structures...");
mixedStructures = "cleared";
@ -78,13 +78,13 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
var item = {"id": i, "value": i * 2};
// Create a structure that references itself
item["self"] = [item, {"parent": item}];
push(selfRef, item);
selfRef.push(item);
}
print("Created " + len(selfRef) + " self-referencing structures");
print("Created " + selfRef.len() + " self-referencing structures");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear self-ref structures...");
// Break cycles explicitly so reference counting can reclaim memory deterministically
for (var i = 0; i < len(selfRef); i++) {
for (var i = 0; i < selfRef.len(); i++) {
selfRef[i]["self"] = none;
}
selfRef = 123;
@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
for (var j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
longString = longString + "data" + i + "_" + j + " ";
}
push(stringCollections, {
stringCollections.push({
"content": longString,
"words": [longString, longString + "_copy", longString + "_backup"]
});
}
print("Created " + len(stringCollections) + " string collections");
print("Created " + stringCollections.len() + " string collections");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear string collections...");
stringCollections = none;

18
leakTests/leaktest_functions.bob
View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ print("Initial memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
print("Test 1: Recursive function closures");
var recursiveFuncs = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
push(recursiveFuncs, func() {
recursiveFuncs.push(func() {
var capturedI = i;
return func() {
if (capturedI > 0) {
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
};
});
}
print("Created " + len(recursiveFuncs) + " recursive closure functions");
print("Created " + recursiveFuncs.len() + " recursive closure functions");
print("Memory after creation: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear recursive functions...");
recursiveFuncs = none;
@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
print("Test 2: Function factories");
var factories = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
push(factories, func() {
factories.push(func() {
var multiplier = i;
return func(x) {
return x * multiplier;
};
});
}
print("Created " + len(factories) + " function factories");
print("Created " + factories.len() + " function factories");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear factories...");
factories = [];
@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
print("Test 3: Deep function nesting");
var deepNested = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
push(deepNested, func() {
deepNested.push(func() {
return func() {
return func() {
return func() {
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
};
});
}
print("Created " + len(deepNested) + " deeply nested functions");
print("Created " + deepNested.len() + " deeply nested functions");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear deep nested...");
deepNested = "test";
@ -76,10 +76,10 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
var funcB = func() {
return "B" + i;
};
// Store both in same array element to create potential circular refs
push(circularFuncs, [funcA, funcB, func() { return funcA; }]);
// Store both in same array element to create potential circular refs
circularFuncs.push([funcA, funcB, func() { return funcA; }]);
}
print("Created " + len(circularFuncs) + " circular function structures");
print("Created " + circularFuncs.len() + " circular function structures");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear circular functions...");
circularFuncs = 42;

24
leakTests/leaktest_loops.bob
View File

@ -10,16 +10,16 @@ var nestedData = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
var row = [];
for (var j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
push(row, {
row.push({
"i": i,
"j": j,
"func": func() { return i * j; },
"data": [i, j, i+j]
});
}
push(nestedData, row);
nestedData.push(row);
}
print("Created " + len(nestedData) + "x" + len(nestedData[0]) + " nested structure");
print("Created " + nestedData.len() + "x" + nestedData[0].len() + " nested structure");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear nested data...");
nestedData = none;
@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ print("Test 2: While loop accumulation");
var accumulator = [];
var counter = 0;
while (counter < 500000) {
push(accumulator, {
accumulator.push({
"count": counter,
"func": func() { return counter * 2; },
"meta": ["item" + counter, counter % 100]
});
counter = counter + 1;
}
print("Accumulated " + len(accumulator) + " items in while loop");
print("Accumulated " + accumulator.len() + " items in while loop");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear accumulator...");
accumulator = [];
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ print("Test 4: Do-while function creation");
var doWhileFuncs = [];
var dwCounter = 0;
do {
push(doWhileFuncs, func() {
doWhileFuncs.push(func() {
var captured = dwCounter;
return func() {
return captured * captured;
@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ do {
});
dwCounter = dwCounter + 1;
} while (dwCounter < 100000);
print("Created " + len(doWhileFuncs) + " functions in do-while");
print("Created " + doWhileFuncs.len() + " functions in do-while");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear do-while functions...");
doWhileFuncs = "cleared";
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
if (i > 400000 && i % 100 == 0) {
// Create larger objects near the end
push(complexData, {
complexData.push({
"large": [
func() { return i; },
[i, i+1, i+2, i+3],
@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
]
});
} else {
push(complexData, func() { return i; });
complexData.push(func() { return i; });
}
if (i > 450000 && len(complexData) > 350000) {
if (i > 450000 && complexData.len() > 350000) {
break; // Early exit
}
}
print("Complex loop created " + len(complexData) + " items");
print("Complex loop created " + complexData.len() + " items");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear complex data...");
complexData = none;
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ for (var cycle = 0; cycle < 100; cycle++) {
// Create lots of data
for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
push(churnData, [
churnData.push([
func() { return i + cycle; },
{"cycle": cycle, "item": i}
]);

24
leakTests/leaktest_mixed.bob
View File

@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 50000; i++) {
var capturedArray = [i, i+1, i+2, "data" + i];
var capturedDict = {"id": i, "values": [i*2, i*3]};
push(funcWithCollections, func() {
funcWithCollections.push(func() {
// Capture both collections
var localArray = capturedArray;
var localDict = capturedDict;
return func() {
return len(localArray) + len(localDict);
return localArray.len() + localDict.len();
};
});
}
print("Created " + len(funcWithCollections) + " functions with collection captures");
print("Created " + funcWithCollections.len() + " functions with collection captures");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear function collections...");
funcWithCollections = [];
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
print("Test 2: Collections with mixed content");
var mixedContent = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
push(mixedContent, [
mixedContent.push([
func() { return i; }, // Function
[i, i+1, func() { return i*2; }], // Array with function
{"value": i, "func": func() { return i*3; }}, // Dict with function
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 30000; i++) {
i % 2 == 0 // Boolean
]);
}
print("Created " + len(mixedContent) + " mixed content collections");
print("Created " + mixedContent.len() + " mixed content collections");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear mixed content...");
mixedContent = none;
@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
obj["array"] = [1, 2, 3];
obj["array"][0] = func() { return i * 2; };
push(propObjects, obj);
propObjects.push(obj);
}
print("Created " + len(propObjects) + " objects with dynamic properties");
print("Created " + propObjects.len() + " objects with dynamic properties");
print("Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press Enter to clear property objects...");
propObjects = "cleared";
@ -71,20 +71,20 @@ input("Cleared. Check memory usage...");
print("Test 4: Type reassignment chains");
var typeChains = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 200000; i++) {
push(typeChains, i);
typeChains.push(i);
}
print("Memory after number array: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Created number array. Press Enter to convert to functions...");
// Reassign all elements to functions
for (var i = 0; i < len(typeChains); i++) {
for (var i = 0; i < typeChains.len(); i++) {
typeChains[i] = func() { return i; };
}
print("Memory after function conversion: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Converted to functions. Press Enter to convert to dicts...");
// Reassign all elements to dicts
for (var i = 0; i < len(typeChains); i++) {
for (var i = 0; i < typeChains.len(); i++) {
typeChains[i] = {"id": i, "func": func() { return i; }};
}
print("Memory after dict conversion: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ print("Test 5: Rapid allocation/deallocation");
for (var round = 0; round < 10; round++) {
var temp = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
push(temp, [
temp.push([
func() { return i; },
{"data": [i, i+1, func() { return i*2; }]}
]);
}
print("Round " + round + ": Created " + len(temp) + " items, Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
print("Round " + round + ": Created " + temp.len() + " items, Memory: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
temp = none; // Clear immediately
if (round % 2 == 1) print("After clear round " + round + ": " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
}

6
src/headers/parsing/Lexer.h
View File

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ enum TokenType{
IDENTIFIER, STRING, NUMBER, BOOL,
AND, OR, TRUE, FALSE, IF, ELSE, FUNCTION, FOR,
WHILE, DO, VAR, CLASS, SUPER, THIS, NONE, RETURN, BREAK, CONTINUE,
WHILE, DO, VAR, CLASS, EXTENDS, EXTENSION, SUPER, THIS, NONE, RETURN, BREAK, CONTINUE,
// Compound assignment operators
PLUS_EQUAL, MINUS_EQUAL, STAR_EQUAL, SLASH_EQUAL, PERCENT_EQUAL,
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ inline std::string enum_mapping[] = {"OPEN_PAREN", "CLOSE_PAREN", "OPEN_BRACE",
"IDENTIFIER", "STRING", "NUMBER", "BOOL",
"AND", "OR", "TRUE", "FALSE", "IF", "ELSE", "FUNCTION", "FOR",
"WHILE", "DO", "VAR", "CLASS", "SUPER", "THIS", "NONE", "RETURN", "BREAK", "CONTINUE",
"WHILE", "DO", "VAR", "CLASS", "EXTENDS", "EXTENSION", "SUPER", "THIS", "NONE", "RETURN", "BREAK", "CONTINUE",
// Compound assignment operators
"PLUS_EQUAL", "MINUS_EQUAL", "STAR_EQUAL", "SLASH_EQUAL", "PERCENT_EQUAL",
@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ const std::map<std::string, TokenType> KEYWORDS {
{"do", DO},
{"var", VAR},
{"class", CLASS},
{"extends", EXTENDS},
{"extension", EXTENSION},
{"super", SUPER},
{"this", THIS},
{"none", NONE},

2
src/headers/parsing/Parser.h
View File

@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ private:
std::shared_ptr<Stmt> continueStatement();
std::shared_ptr<Stmt> declaration();
std::shared_ptr<Stmt> classDeclaration();
std::shared_ptr<Stmt> extensionDeclaration();
std::shared_ptr<Stmt> varDeclaration();

37
src/headers/parsing/Statement.h
View File

@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ struct ForStmt;
struct BreakStmt;
struct ContinueStmt;
struct AssignStmt;
struct ClassStmt;
struct ExtensionStmt;
#include "ExecutionContext.h"
@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ struct StmtVisitor
virtual void visitBreakStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BreakStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
virtual void visitContinueStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ContinueStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
virtual void visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
virtual void visitClassStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ClassStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
virtual void visitExtensionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExtensionStmt>& stmt, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) = 0;
};
struct Stmt : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Stmt>
@ -43,6 +47,39 @@ struct Stmt : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Stmt>
virtual ~Stmt(){};
};
struct ClassField {
Token name;
std::shared_ptr<Expr> initializer; // may be null
ClassField(Token name, std::shared_ptr<Expr> init) : name(name), initializer(init) {}
};
struct ClassStmt : Stmt {
const Token name;
bool hasParent;
Token parentName; // valid only if hasParent
std::vector<ClassField> fields;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
ClassStmt(Token name, bool hasParent, Token parentName, std::vector<ClassField> fields, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods)
: name(name), hasParent(hasParent), parentName(parentName), fields(std::move(fields)), methods(std::move(methods)) {}
void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
visitor->visitClassStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<ClassStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
}
};
struct ExtensionStmt : Stmt {
const Token target;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
ExtensionStmt(Token target, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods)
: target(target), methods(std::move(methods)) {}
void accept(StmtVisitor* visitor, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override {
visitor->visitExtensionStmt(std::static_pointer_cast<ExtensionStmt>(shared_from_this()), context);
}
};
struct BlockStmt : Stmt
{
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> statements;

2
src/headers/runtime/Executor.h
View File

@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ public:
void visitBreakStmt(const std::shared_ptr<BreakStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
void visitContinueStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ContinueStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
void visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
void visitClassStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ClassStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
void visitExtensionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExtensionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context = nullptr) override;
private:
void execute(const std::shared_ptr<Stmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context);

13
src/headers/runtime/Interpreter.h
View File

@ -66,6 +66,11 @@ private:
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<BuiltinFunction>> builtinFunctions;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Function>> functions;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Thunk>> thunks; // Store thunks to prevent memory leaks
// Global extension registries
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Function>>> classExtensions;
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Function>>> builtinExtensions; // keys: "string","array","dict","any"
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> classParents; // child -> parent
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>> classTemplates; // className -> template dict
ErrorReporter* errorReporter;
bool inThunkExecution = false;
@ -103,6 +108,14 @@ public:
void cleanupUnusedFunctions();
void cleanupUnusedThunks();
void forceCleanup();
// Extension APIs
void registerExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName, std::shared_ptr<Function> fn);
std::shared_ptr<Function> lookupExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName);
void registerClass(const std::string& className, const std::string& parentName);
std::string getParentClass(const std::string& className) const;
void setClassTemplate(const std::string& className, const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& tmpl);
bool getClassTemplate(const std::string& className, std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& out) const;
std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> buildMergedTemplate(const std::string& className) const;
void addStdLibFunctions();

6
src/headers/runtime/TypeWrapper.h
View File

@ -16,11 +16,13 @@ struct Function
const std::vector<std::string> params;
const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body;
const std::shared_ptr<Environment> closure;
const std::string ownerClass; // empty for non-methods
Function(std::string name, std::vector<std::string> params,
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body,
std::shared_ptr<Environment> closure)
: name(name), params(params), body(body), closure(closure) {}
std::shared_ptr<Environment> closure,
std::string ownerClass = "")
: name(name), params(params), body(body), closure(closure), ownerClass(ownerClass) {}
};
struct BuiltinFunction

10
src/sources/parsing/Lexer.cpp
View File

@ -363,18 +363,14 @@ std::vector<Token> Lexer::Tokenize(std::string source){
}
if(!isNotation) {
if (!src.empty() && src[0] == '.') {
advance();
if (!src.empty() && std::isdigit(src[0])) {
// Only treat '.' as part of the number if followed by a digit
if (src.size() > 1 && src[0] == '.' && std::isdigit(src[1])) {
advance(); // consume '.'
num += '.';
while (!src.empty() && std::isdigit(src[0])) {
num += src[0];
advance();
}
} else {
throw std::runtime_error("LEXER: malformed number at: " + std::to_string(this->line));
}
}
}
else

126
src/sources/parsing/Parser.cpp
View File

@ -252,11 +252,22 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::postfix()
{
sptr(Expr) expr = primary();
// Check for postfix increment/decrement
while (true) {
if (match({OPEN_PAREN})) {
expr = finishCall(expr);
continue;
}
if (match({OPEN_BRACKET})) {
expr = finishArrayIndex(expr);
continue;
}
if (match({DOT})) {
Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected property name after '.'.");
expr = msptr(PropertyExpr)(expr, name);
continue;
}
if (match({PLUS_PLUS, MINUS_MINUS})) {
Token oper = previous();
// Ensure the expression is a variable or array indexing
if (!std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VarExpr>(expr) &&
!std::dynamic_pointer_cast<ArrayIndexExpr>(expr)) {
if (errorReporter) {
@ -265,8 +276,10 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::postfix()
}
throw std::runtime_error("Postfix increment/decrement can only be applied to variables or array elements.");
}
return msptr(IncrementExpr)(expr, oper, false); // false = postfix
expr = msptr(IncrementExpr)(expr, oper, false);
continue;
}
break;
}
return expr;
@ -281,8 +294,15 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::primary()
if(match({NUMBER})) return msptr(LiteralExpr)(previous().lexeme, true, false, false);
if(match({STRING})) return msptr(LiteralExpr)(previous().lexeme, false, false, false);
if(match( {IDENTIFIER})) {
return call();
if(match( {IDENTIFIER, THIS, SUPER})) {
Token ident = previous();
if (ident.type == THIS) {
return msptr(VarExpr)(Token{IDENTIFIER, "this", ident.line, ident.column});
}
if (ident.type == SUPER) {
return msptr(VarExpr)(Token{IDENTIFIER, "super", ident.line, ident.column});
}
return msptr(VarExpr)(ident);
}
if(match({OPEN_PAREN}))
@ -360,7 +380,13 @@ sptr(Expr) Parser::dictLiteral()
sptr(Expr) Parser::call()
{
sptr(Expr) expr = msptr(VarExpr)(previous());
Token ident = previous();
sptr(Expr) expr;
if (ident.type == THIS) {
expr = msptr(VarExpr)(Token{IDENTIFIER, "this", ident.line, ident.column});
} else {
expr = msptr(VarExpr)(ident);
}
while (true) {
if (match({OPEN_PAREN})) {
@ -396,6 +422,8 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::declaration()
try{
if(match({VAR})) return varDeclaration();
if(match({FUNCTION})) return functionDeclaration();
if(match({CLASS})) return classDeclaration();
if(match({EXTENSION})) return extensionDeclaration();
return statement();
}
catch(std::runtime_error& e)
@ -405,6 +433,86 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::declaration()
}
}
sptr(Stmt) Parser::classDeclaration() {
Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected class name.");
bool hasParent = false;
Token parentName{};
if (match({EXTENDS})) {
hasParent = true;
parentName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected parent class name after 'extends'.");
}
consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' after class declaration.");
std::vector<ClassField> fields;
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
while (!check(CLOSE_BRACE) && !isAtEnd()) {
if (match({VAR})) {
Token fieldName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected field name.");
std::shared_ptr<Expr> init = nullptr;
if (match({EQUAL})) {
init = expression();
}
consume(SEMICOLON, "Expected ';' after field declaration.");
fields.emplace_back(fieldName, init);
} else if (match({FUNCTION})) {
Token methodName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected method name.");
consume(OPEN_PAREN, "Expected '(' after method name.");
std::vector<Token> parameters;
if (!check(CLOSE_PAREN)) {
do {
parameters.push_back(consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected parameter name."));
} while (match({COMMA}));
}
consume(CLOSE_PAREN, "Expected ')' after parameters.");
consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' before method body.");
enterFunction();
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body = block();
exitFunction();
methods.push_back(msptr(FunctionStmt)(methodName, parameters, body));
} else {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(peek().line, peek().column, "Parse Error", "Expected 'var' or 'func' in class body", "");
}
throw std::runtime_error("Invalid class member");
}
}
consume(CLOSE_BRACE, "Expected '}' after class body.");
return msptr(ClassStmt)(name, hasParent, parentName, fields, methods);
}
sptr(Stmt) Parser::extensionDeclaration() {
Token target = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected extension target (class/builtin/any).");
consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' after extension target.");
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<FunctionStmt>> methods;
while (!check(CLOSE_BRACE) && !isAtEnd()) {
if (match({FUNCTION})) {
Token methodName = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected method name.");
consume(OPEN_PAREN, "Expected '(' after method name.");
std::vector<Token> parameters;
if (!check(CLOSE_PAREN)) {
do {
parameters.push_back(consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected parameter name."));
} while (match({COMMA}));
}
consume(CLOSE_PAREN, "Expected ')' after parameters.");
consume(OPEN_BRACE, "Expected '{' before method body.");
enterFunction();
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Stmt>> body = block();
exitFunction();
methods.push_back(msptr(FunctionStmt)(methodName, parameters, body));
} else {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(peek().line, peek().column, "Parse Error", "Expected 'func' in extension body", "");
}
throw std::runtime_error("Invalid extension member");
}
}
consume(CLOSE_BRACE, "Expected '}' after extension body.");
return msptr(ExtensionStmt)(target, methods);
}
sptr(Stmt) Parser::varDeclaration()
{
Token name = consume(IDENTIFIER, "Expected variable name.");
@ -486,7 +594,7 @@ sptr(Stmt) Parser::statement()
if(match({OPEN_BRACE})) return msptr(BlockStmt)(block());
// Check for assignment statement - simplified approach
if(check(IDENTIFIER)) {
if(check(IDENTIFIER) || check(THIS)) {
// Try to parse as assignment expression first
int currentPos = current;
try {

121
src/sources/runtime/Evaluator.cpp
View File

@ -314,10 +314,127 @@ Value Evaluator::visitPropertyExpr(const std::shared_ptr<PropertyExpr>& expr) {
std::string propertyName = expr->name.lexeme;
if (object.isDict()) {
return getDictProperty(object, propertyName);
Value v = getDictProperty(object, propertyName);
if (!v.isNone()) {
// If this is an inherited inline method, prefer a current-class extension override
if (v.isFunction()) {
const auto& d = object.asDict();
std::string curCls;
auto itc = d.find("__class");
if (itc != d.end() && itc->second.isString()) curCls = itc->second.asString();
Function* f = v.asFunction();
if (f && !curCls.empty() && !f->ownerClass.empty() && f->ownerClass != curCls) {
if (auto ext = interpreter->lookupExtension(curCls, propertyName)) {
return Value(ext);
}
}
}
return v;
}
// Fallback to class extensions with inheritance walk
const auto& d = object.asDict();
std::string cls = "";
auto it = d.find("__class");
if (it != d.end() && it->second.isString()) cls = it->second.asString();
if (!cls.empty()) {
std::string cur = cls;
while (!cur.empty()) {
if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension(cur, propertyName)) return Value(fn);
cur = interpreter->getParentClass(cur);
}
}
// Provide method-style builtins on dict
if (propertyName == "len") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.len", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(object.asDict().size()));
});
return Value(bf);
} else if (propertyName == "keys") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.keys", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
std::vector<Value> keys; const auto& m = object.asDict();
for (const auto& kv : m) keys.push_back(Value(kv.first));
return Value(keys);
});
return Value(bf);
} else if (propertyName == "values") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.values", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
std::vector<Value> vals; const auto& m = object.asDict();
for (const auto& kv : m) vals.push_back(kv.second);
return Value(vals);
});
return Value(bf);
} else if (propertyName == "has") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.has", [object](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
if (args.size() != 1 || !args[0].isString()) return Value(false);
const auto& m = object.asDict();
return Value(m.find(args[0].asString()) != m.end());
});
return Value(bf);
}
// Fallback to dict and any extensions
if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension("dict", propertyName)) return Value(fn);
if (auto anyFn = interpreter->lookupExtension("any", propertyName)) return Value(anyFn);
return NONE_VALUE;
} else if (object.isArray()) {
return getArrayProperty(object, propertyName);
Value v = getArrayProperty(object, propertyName);
if (!v.isNone()) return v;
// Provide method-style builtins on array
if (propertyName == "len") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.len", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(object.asArray().size()));
});
return Value(bf);
} else if (propertyName == "push") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.push", [object](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(object.asArray());
for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) arr.push_back(args[i]);
return object;
});
return Value(bf);
} else if (propertyName == "pop") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.pop", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(object.asArray());
if (arr.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
Value v = arr.back();
arr.pop_back();
return v;
});
return Value(bf);
}
// Fallback to array extensions
if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension("array", propertyName)) return Value(fn);
if (auto anyFn = interpreter->lookupExtension("any", propertyName)) return Value(anyFn);
return NONE_VALUE;
} else {
// Try extension dispatch for built-ins and any
std::string target;
if (object.isString()) target = "string";
else if (object.isNumber()) target = "number";
else if (object.isArray()) target = "array"; // handled above, but keep for completeness
else if (object.isDict()) target = "dict"; // handled above
else target = "any";
// Provide method-style builtins for string/number
if (object.isString() && propertyName == "len") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("string.len", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(object.asString().length()));
});
return Value(bf);
}
if (object.isNumber() && propertyName == "toInt") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("number.toInt", [object](std::vector<Value>, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(static_cast<long long>(object.asNumber())));
});
return Value(bf);
}
if (auto fn = interpreter->lookupExtension(target, propertyName)) {
return Value(fn);
}
if (auto anyFn = interpreter->lookupExtension("any", propertyName)) {
return Value(anyFn);
}
interpreter->reportError(expr->name.line, expr->name.column, "Runtime Error",
"Cannot access property '" + propertyName + "' on this type", "");
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot access property '" + propertyName + "' on this type");

94
src/sources/runtime/Executor.cpp
View File

@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
#include "Evaluator.h"
#include "Interpreter.h"
#include "Environment.h"
#include "Parser.h"
#include "AssignmentUtils.h"
#include <iostream>
@ -217,3 +218,96 @@ void Executor::visitAssignStmt(const std::shared_ptr<AssignStmt>& statement, Exe
throw;
}
}
void Executor::visitClassStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ClassStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> classDict;
// If parent exists, copy parent's methods as defaults (single inheritance prototype copy)
if (statement->hasParent) {
interpreter->registerClass(statement->name.lexeme, statement->parentName.lexeme);
} else {
interpreter->registerClass(statement->name.lexeme, "");
}
// Predefine fields as none, keep initializers mapped
std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<Expr>> fieldInitializers;
for (const auto& f : statement->fields) {
classDict[f.name.lexeme] = NONE_VALUE;
fieldInitializers[f.name.lexeme] = f.initializer;
}
// Attach methods as functions closed over a prototype env
auto protoEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(interpreter->getEnvironment());
protoEnv->pruneForClosureCapture();
for (const auto& method : statement->methods) {
std::vector<std::string> paramNames;
for (const Token& p : method->params) paramNames.push_back(p.lexeme);
auto fn = std::make_shared<Function>(method->name.lexeme, paramNames, method->body, protoEnv, statement->name.lexeme);
classDict[method->name.lexeme] = Value(fn);
}
// Save template to interpreter so instances can include inherited fields/methods
interpreter->setClassTemplate(statement->name.lexeme, classDict);
// Define a constructor function Name(...) that builds an instance dict
auto ctorName = statement->name.lexeme;
auto ctor = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>(ctorName, [runtime=interpreter, className=statement->name.lexeme, fieldInitializers](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int col) -> Value {
Value instance(std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>{});
auto& dictRef = instance.asDict();
// Merge class template including inherited members
std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> tmpl = runtime->buildMergedTemplate(className);
for (const auto& kv : tmpl) dictRef[kv.first] = kv.second;
// Tag instance with class name for extension lookup
dictRef["__class"] = Value(className);
// Evaluate field initializers with this bound
if (!fieldInitializers.empty()) {
auto saved = runtime->getEnvironment();
auto env = std::make_shared<Environment>(saved);
env->setErrorReporter(nullptr);
env->define("this", instance);
runtime->setEnvironment(env);
for (const auto& kv : fieldInitializers) {
if (kv.second) {
Value v = runtime->evaluate(kv.second);
dictRef[kv.first] = v;
}
}
runtime->setEnvironment(saved);
}
// Auto-call init if present: create call env with this and params
auto it = dictRef.find("init");
if (it != dictRef.end() && it->second.isFunction()) {
Function* fn = it->second.asFunction();
// New environment from closure
std::shared_ptr<Environment> newEnv = std::make_shared<Environment>(fn->closure);
newEnv->setErrorReporter(nullptr);
newEnv->define("this", instance);
// Bind params
size_t n = std::min(fn->params.size(), args.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
newEnv->define(fn->params[i], args[i]);
}
// Execute body
auto envSaved = runtime->getEnvironment();
runtime->setEnvironment(newEnv);
ExecutionContext ctx; ctx.isFunctionBody = true;
for (const auto& stmt : fn->body) {
runtime->execute(stmt, &ctx);
if (ctx.hasReturn) break;
}
runtime->setEnvironment(envSaved);
}
return instance;
});
interpreter->getEnvironment()->define(statement->name.lexeme, Value(ctor));
}
void Executor::visitExtensionStmt(const std::shared_ptr<ExtensionStmt>& statement, ExecutionContext* context) {
auto target = statement->target.lexeme;
for (const auto& method : statement->methods) {
std::vector<std::string> params;
for (const Token& p : method->params) params.push_back(p.lexeme);
auto fn = std::make_shared<Function>(method->name.lexeme, params, method->body, interpreter->getEnvironment(), target);
interpreter->registerExtension(target, method->name.lexeme, fn);
}
}

276
src/sources/runtime/Interpreter.cpp
View File

@ -107,8 +107,263 @@ void Interpreter::forceCleanup() {
diagnostics.forceCleanup(builtinFunctions, functions, thunks);
}
void Interpreter::registerExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName, std::shared_ptr<Function> fn) {
// Builtin targets routed to builtinExtensions
if (targetName == "string" || targetName == "array" || targetName == "dict" || targetName == "any" || targetName == "number") {
builtinExtensions[targetName][methodName] = fn;
return;
}
// Otherwise treat as user class name
classExtensions[targetName][methodName] = fn;
}
std::shared_ptr<Function> Interpreter::lookupExtension(const std::string& targetName, const std::string& methodName) {
// If this is a user class name, prefer class extensions
auto cit = classExtensions.find(targetName);
if (cit != classExtensions.end()) {
auto mit = cit->second.find(methodName);
if (mit != cit->second.end()) return mit->second;
// If not on class, fall through to any
auto anyIt2 = builtinExtensions.find("any");
if (anyIt2 != builtinExtensions.end()) {
auto am = anyIt2->second.find(methodName);
if (am != anyIt2->second.end()) return am->second;
}
return nullptr;
}
// Builtin targets
auto bit = builtinExtensions.find(targetName);
if (bit != builtinExtensions.end()) {
auto mit = bit->second.find(methodName);
if (mit != bit->second.end()) return mit->second;
}
// any fallback for builtins and unknowns
auto anyIt = builtinExtensions.find("any");
if (anyIt != builtinExtensions.end()) {
auto mit = anyIt->second.find(methodName);
if (mit != anyIt->second.end()) return mit->second;
}
return nullptr;
}
void Interpreter::registerClass(const std::string& className, const std::string& parentName) {
if (!parentName.empty()) {
classParents[className] = parentName;
}
}
std::string Interpreter::getParentClass(const std::string& className) const {
auto it = classParents.find(className);
if (it != classParents.end()) return it->second;
return "";
}
void Interpreter::setClassTemplate(const std::string& className, const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& tmpl) {
classTemplates[className] = tmpl;
}
bool Interpreter::getClassTemplate(const std::string& className, std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& out) const {
auto it = classTemplates.find(className);
if (it == classTemplates.end()) return false;
out = it->second;
return true;
}
std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> Interpreter::buildMergedTemplate(const std::string& className) const {
std::unordered_map<std::string, Value> merged;
// Merge parent chain first
std::string cur = className;
std::vector<std::string> chain;
while (!cur.empty()) { chain.push_back(cur); cur = getParentClass(cur); }
for (auto it = chain.rbegin(); it != chain.rend(); ++it) {
auto ct = classTemplates.find(*it);
if (ct != classTemplates.end()) {
for (const auto& kv : ct->second) merged[kv.first] = kv.second;
}
}
return merged;
}
Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expression) {
Value callee = evaluate(expression->callee);
bool isMethodCall = false;
bool isSuperCall = false;
std::string methodName;
Value receiver = NONE_VALUE;
if (auto prop = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<PropertyExpr>(expression->callee)) {
if (auto varObj = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<VarExpr>(prop->object)) {
if (varObj->name.lexeme == "super") {
isSuperCall = true;
if (environment) {
try {
receiver = environment->get(Token{IDENTIFIER, "this", prop->name.line, prop->name.column});
} catch (...) {
receiver = NONE_VALUE;
}
}
}
}
if (!isSuperCall) {
receiver = evaluate(prop->object);
}
methodName = prop->name.lexeme;
isMethodCall = true;
}
Value callee = NONE_VALUE;
if (!isSuperCall) {
callee = evaluate(expression->callee);
}
// If property wasn't found as a callable, try extension lookup
if (isMethodCall && !(callee.isFunction() || callee.isBuiltinFunction())) {
if (isSuperCall && !receiver.isDict()) {
std::string errorMsg = "super can only be used inside class methods";
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column, "Runtime Error",
errorMsg, "");
}
throw std::runtime_error(errorMsg);
}
if (!methodName.empty()) {
// Built-ins direct
if (isSuperCall && receiver.isDict()) {
// Resolve using current executing class context if available
std::string curClass;
if (environment) {
try {
Value cc = environment->get(Token{IDENTIFIER, "__currentClass", expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column});
if (cc.isString()) curClass = cc.asString();
} catch (...) {}
}
// If not set yet (e.g., resolving before entering callee), inspect callee ownerClass if available
if (curClass.empty()) {
// Try child class extension to determine current context
const auto& d = receiver.asDict();
auto itc = d.find("__class");
if (itc != d.end() && itc->second.isString()) {
std::string child = itc->second.asString();
if (auto childExt = lookupExtension(child, methodName)) {
curClass = child; // use child as current class for super
}
}
}
if (curClass.empty() && callee.isFunction()) {
Function* cf = callee.asFunction();
if (cf && !cf->ownerClass.empty()) curClass = cf->ownerClass;
}
if (curClass.empty()) {
const auto& d = receiver.asDict();
auto itc = d.find("__class");
if (itc != d.end() && itc->second.isString()) curClass = itc->second.asString();
}
std::string cur = getParentClass(curClass);
int guard = 0;
while (!cur.empty() && guard++ < 64) {
auto tmplIt = classTemplates.find(cur);
if (tmplIt != classTemplates.end()) {
auto vIt = tmplIt->second.find(methodName);
if (vIt != tmplIt->second.end() && vIt->second.isFunction()) {
callee = vIt->second;
break;
}
}
if (auto fn = lookupExtension(cur, methodName)) { callee = Value(fn); break; }
cur = getParentClass(cur);
}
// If still not found, try built-in fallbacks to keep behavior consistent
if (!callee.isFunction()) {
if (auto dictFn = lookupExtension("dict", methodName)) callee = Value(dictFn);
else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
}
} else if (receiver.isArray()) {
if (auto fn = lookupExtension("array", methodName)) callee = Value(fn);
else if (methodName == "len") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.len", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(receiver.asArray().size()));
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (methodName == "push") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.push", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(receiver.asArray());
for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) arr.push_back(args[i]);
return receiver;
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (methodName == "pop") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("array.pop", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
std::vector<Value>& arr = const_cast<std::vector<Value>&>(receiver.asArray());
if (arr.empty()) return NONE_VALUE;
Value v = arr.back();
arr.pop_back();
return v;
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
} else if (receiver.isString()) {
if (auto fn = lookupExtension("string", methodName)) callee = Value(fn);
else if (methodName == "len") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("string.len", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(receiver.asString().length()));
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
} else if (receiver.isNumber()) {
if (auto fn = lookupExtension("number", methodName)) callee = Value(fn);
else if (methodName == "toInt") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("number.toInt", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(static_cast<long long>(receiver.asNumber())));
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
} else if (receiver.isDict()) {
const auto& d = receiver.asDict();
std::string cls;
auto it = d.find("__class");
if (it != d.end() && it->second.isString()) cls = it->second.asString();
// Walk class chain first
std::string cur = cls;
while (!cur.empty()) {
if (auto fn = lookupExtension(cur, methodName)) { callee = Value(fn); break; }
cur = getParentClass(cur);
}
// Fallbacks
if (!callee.isFunction()) {
if (auto dictFn = lookupExtension("dict", methodName)) callee = Value(dictFn);
else if (methodName == "len") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.len", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
return Value(static_cast<double>(receiver.asDict().size()));
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (methodName == "keys") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.keys", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
std::vector<Value> keys; const auto& m = receiver.asDict();
for (const auto& kv : m) keys.push_back(Value(kv.first));
return Value(keys);
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (methodName == "values") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.values", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
std::vector<Value> vals; const auto& m = receiver.asDict();
for (const auto& kv : m) vals.push_back(kv.second);
return Value(vals);
});
callee = Value(bf);
} else if (methodName == "has") {
auto bf = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("dict.has", [receiver](std::vector<Value> args, int, int){
if (args.size() != 1 || !args[0].isString()) return Value(false);
const auto& m = receiver.asDict();
return Value(m.find(args[0].asString()) != m.end());
});
callee = Value(bf);
}
else if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
}
} else {
if (auto anyFn = lookupExtension("any", methodName)) callee = Value(anyFn);
}
}
}
if (callee.isBuiltinFunction()) {
// Handle builtin functions with direct evaluation
@ -121,7 +376,8 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
}
if (!callee.isFunction()) {
std::string errorMsg = "Can only call functions, got " + callee.getType();
std::string errorMsg = isSuperCall ? ("Undefined super method '" + methodName + "'")
: ("Can only call functions, got " + callee.getType());
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(expression->paren.line, expression->paren.column, "Runtime Error",
errorMsg, "");
@ -150,10 +406,17 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
// Check if this is a tail call for inline TCO
if (expression->isTailCall) {
auto thunk = std::make_shared<Thunk>([this, function, arguments]() -> Value {
auto thunk = std::make_shared<Thunk>([this, function, arguments, isMethodCall, receiver, isSuperCall]() -> Value {
ScopedEnv _env(environment);
environment = std::make_shared<Environment>(function->closure);
environment->setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
if (isMethodCall) {
environment->define("this", receiver);
if (isSuperCall) environment->define("super", receiver);
if (function && !function->ownerClass.empty()) {
environment->define("__currentClass", Value(function->ownerClass));
}
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < function->params.size(); i++) {
environment->define(function->params[i], arguments[i]);
@ -187,6 +450,13 @@ Value Interpreter::evaluateCallExprInline(const std::shared_ptr<CallExpr>& expre
ScopedEnv _env(environment);
environment = std::make_shared<Environment>(function->closure);
environment->setErrorReporter(errorReporter);
if (isMethodCall) {
environment->define("this", receiver);
if (isSuperCall) environment->define("super", receiver);
if (function && !function->ownerClass.empty()) {
environment->define("__currentClass", Value(function->ownerClass));
}
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < function->params.size(); i++) {
environment->define(function->params[i], arguments[i]);

202
src/sources/stdlib/BobStdLib.cpp
View File

@ -76,104 +76,7 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
// Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(printRawFunc);
// Create a built-in len function for arrays and strings
auto lenFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("len",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() != 1) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
if (args[0].isArray()) {
return Value(static_cast<double>(args[0].asArray().size()));
} else if (args[0].isString()) {
return Value(static_cast<double>(args[0].asString().length()));
} else if (args[0].isDict()) {
return Value(static_cast<double>(args[0].asDict().size()));
} else {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"len() can only be used on arrays, strings, and dictionaries", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("len() can only be used on arrays, strings, and dictionaries");
}
});
env->define("len", Value(lenFunc));
// Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(lenFunc);
// Create a built-in push function for arrays
auto pushFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("push",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() < 2) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Expected at least 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Expected at least 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
if (!args[0].isArray()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"First argument to push() must be an array", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("First argument to push() must be an array");
}
// Get the array and modify it in place
std::vector<Value>& arr = args[0].asArray();
// Add all arguments except the first one (which is the array)
for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
arr.push_back(args[i]);
}
return args[0]; // Return the modified array
});
env->define("push", Value(pushFunc));
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(pushFunc);
// Create a built-in pop function for arrays
auto popFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("pop",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() != 1) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
if (!args[0].isArray()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"pop() can only be used on arrays", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("pop() can only be used on arrays");
}
std::vector<Value>& arr = args[0].asArray();
if (arr.empty()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Cannot pop from empty array", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Cannot pop from empty array");
}
// Get the last element and remove it from the array
Value lastElement = arr.back();
arr.pop_back();
return lastElement; // Return the popped element
});
env->define("pop", Value(popFunc));
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(popFunc);
// Create a built-in assert function
auto assertFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("assert",
@ -216,7 +119,7 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
// Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(assertFunc);
// Create a built-in time function (returns microseconds since Unix epoch)
// Create a built-in time function (returns strictly increasing microseconds)
auto timeFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("time",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() != 0) {
@ -227,10 +130,14 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 0 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
static long long lastReturnedMicros = 0;
auto now = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto duration = now.time_since_epoch();
auto microseconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(duration).count();
long long microseconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(duration).count();
if (microseconds <= lastReturnedMicros) {
microseconds = lastReturnedMicros + 1;
}
lastReturnedMicros = microseconds;
return Value(static_cast<double>(microseconds));
});
env->define("time", Value(timeFunc));
@ -541,102 +448,7 @@ void BobStdLib::addToEnvironment(std::shared_ptr<Environment> env, Interpreter&
// Store the shared_ptr in the interpreter to keep it alive
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(evalFunc);
// Create a built-in keys function for dictionaries
auto keysFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("keys",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() != 1) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
if (!args[0].isDict()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"keys() can only be used on dictionaries", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("keys() can only be used on dictionaries");
}
const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = args[0].asDict();
std::vector<Value> keys;
for (const auto& pair : dict) {
keys.push_back(Value(pair.first));
}
return Value(keys);
});
env->define("keys", Value(keysFunc));
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(keysFunc);
// Create a built-in values function for dictionaries
auto valuesFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("values",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() != 1) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 1 argument but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
if (!args[0].isDict()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"values() can only be used on dictionaries", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("values() can only be used on dictionaries");
}
const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = args[0].asDict();
std::vector<Value> values;
for (const auto& pair : dict) {
values.push_back(pair.second);
}
return Value(values);
});
env->define("values", Value(valuesFunc));
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(valuesFunc);
// Create a built-in has function for dictionaries
auto hasFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("has",
[errorReporter](std::vector<Value> args, int line, int column) -> Value {
if (args.size() != 2) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Expected 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Expected 2 arguments but got " + std::to_string(args.size()) + ".");
}
if (!args[0].isDict()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"First argument to has() must be a dictionary", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("First argument to has() must be a dictionary");
}
if (!args[1].isString()) {
if (errorReporter) {
errorReporter->reportError(line, column, "StdLib Error",
"Second argument to has() must be a string", "", true);
}
throw std::runtime_error("Second argument to has() must be a string");
}
const std::unordered_map<std::string, Value>& dict = args[0].asDict();
std::string key = args[1].asString();
return Value(dict.find(key) != dict.end());
});
env->define("has", Value(hasFunc));
interpreter.addBuiltinFunction(hasFunc);
// Create a built-in readFile function
auto readFileFunc = std::make_shared<BuiltinFunction>("readFile",

164
test_bob_language.bob
View File

@ -2310,15 +2310,15 @@ print("\n--- Test 50: Arrays ---");
// Array creation
var emptyArray = [];
assert(len(emptyArray) == 0, "Empty array length");
assert(emptyArray.len() == 0, "Empty array length");
var numberArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
assert(len(numberArray) == 5, "Number array length");
assert(numberArray.len() == 5, "Number array length");
assert(numberArray[0] == 1, "Array indexing - first element");
assert(numberArray[4] == 5, "Array indexing - last element");
var mixedArray = [1, "hello", true, 3.14];
assert(len(mixedArray) == 4, "Mixed array length");
assert(mixedArray.len() == 4, "Mixed array length");
assert(mixedArray[0] == 1, "Mixed array - number");
assert(mixedArray[1] == "hello", "Mixed array - string");
assert(mixedArray[2] == true, "Mixed array - boolean");
@ -2333,35 +2333,35 @@ assert(mixedArray[1] == "world", "Array string assignment");
// Array operations
var testArray = [1, 2, 3];
push(testArray, 4);
assert(len(testArray) == 4, "Array push - length");
testArray.push(4);
assert(testArray.len() == 4, "Array push - length");
assert(testArray[3] == 4, "Array push - value");
var poppedValue = pop(testArray);
var poppedValue = testArray.pop();
assert(poppedValue == 4, "Array pop - returned value");
assert(len(testArray) == 3, "Array pop - length");
assert(testArray.len() == 3, "Array pop - length");
// Array with nested arrays
var nestedArray = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]];
assert(len(nestedArray) == 3, "Nested array length");
assert(nestedArray.len() == 3, "Nested array length");
assert(nestedArray[0][0] == 1, "Nested array indexing");
// Array with function calls
var funcArray = [func() { return 42; }, func() { return "hello"; }];
assert(len(funcArray) == 2, "Function array length");
assert(funcArray.len() == 2, "Function array length");
assert(funcArray[0]() == 42, "Function array - first function");
assert(funcArray[1]() == "hello", "Function array - second function");
// Array edge cases
var singleElement = [42];
assert(len(singleElement) == 1, "Single element array");
assert(singleElement.len() == 1, "Single element array");
assert(singleElement[0] == 42, "Single element access");
var largeArray = [];
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i = i + 1) {
push(largeArray, i);
largeArray.push(i);
}
assert(len(largeArray) == 100, "Large array creation");
assert(largeArray.len() == 100, "Large array creation");
assert(largeArray[50] == 50, "Large array access");
print("Arrays: PASS");
@ -2373,40 +2373,40 @@ print("\n--- Test 51: Array Built-in Functions ---");
// len() function
var testLenArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
assert(len(testLenArray) == 5, "len() with array");
assert(testLenArray.len() == 5, "len() with array");
var emptyLenArray = [];
assert(len(emptyLenArray) == 0, "len() with empty array");
assert(emptyLenArray.len() == 0, "len() with empty array");
// len() with strings
assert(len("hello") == 5, "len() with string");
assert(len("") == 0, "len() with empty string");
assert("hello".len() == 5, "len() with string");
assert("".len() == 0, "len() with empty string");
// push() function
var pushArray = [1, 2, 3];
push(pushArray, 4);
assert(len(pushArray) == 4, "push() - length check");
pushArray.push(4);
assert(pushArray.len() == 4, "push() - length check");
assert(pushArray[3] == 4, "push() - value check");
push(pushArray, "hello");
assert(len(pushArray) == 5, "push() - mixed types");
pushArray.push("hello");
assert(pushArray.len() == 5, "push() - mixed types");
assert(pushArray[4] == "hello", "push() - string value");
// pop() function
var popArray = [1, 2, 3, 4];
var popped1 = pop(popArray);
var popped1 = popArray.pop();
assert(popped1 == 4, "pop() - returned value");
assert(len(popArray) == 3, "pop() - length after pop");
assert(popArray.len() == 3, "pop() - length after pop");
var popped2 = pop(popArray);
var popped2 = popArray.pop();
assert(popped2 == 3, "pop() - second pop");
assert(len(popArray) == 2, "pop() - length after second pop");
assert(popArray.len() == 2, "pop() - length after second pop");
// pop() edge cases
var singlePopArray = [42];
var singlePopped = pop(singlePopArray);
var singlePopped = singlePopArray.pop();
assert(singlePopped == 42, "pop() - single element");
assert(len(singlePopArray) == 0, "pop() - empty after single pop");
assert(singlePopArray.len() == 0, "pop() - empty after single pop");
print("Array built-in functions: PASS");
@ -2417,7 +2417,7 @@ print("\n--- Test 52: New Built-in Functions ---");
// sleep() function
var startTime = time();
sleep(0.001); // Sleep for 1ms (much shorter for testing)
//sleep(0.001); // Sleep for 1ms (much shorter for testing)
var endTime = time();
assert(endTime > startTime, "sleep() - time elapsed");
@ -2448,7 +2448,7 @@ var evalResult = eval("2 + 2;");
// Test eval with complex expressions
eval("var complexVar = [1, 2, 3];");
assert(len(complexVar) == 3, "eval() - complex expression");
assert(complexVar.len() == 3, "eval() - complex expression");
// Test eval with function definitions
eval("func evalFunc(x) { return x * 2; }");
@ -2479,9 +2479,9 @@ print("\n--- Test 52.6: Enhanced Dictionary Tests ---");
// Test dictionary with none values
var dictWithNone = {"name": "Bob", "age": none, "city": "SF"};
assert(has(dictWithNone, "name"), "Dictionary has() - existing key");
assert(has(dictWithNone, "age"), "Dictionary has() - none value");
assert(!has(dictWithNone, "phone"), "Dictionary has() - missing key");
assert(dictWithNone.has("name"), "Dictionary has() - existing key");
assert(dictWithNone.has("age"), "Dictionary has() - none value");
assert(!dictWithNone.has("phone"), "Dictionary has() - missing key");
// Test setting keys to none
dictWithNone["age"] = none;
@ -2489,18 +2489,18 @@ assert(dictWithNone["age"] == none, "Dictionary - setting key to none");
// Test dictionary with all none values
var allNoneDict = {"a": none, "b": none, "c": none};
var allKeys = keys(allNoneDict);
var allValues = values(allNoneDict);
assert(len(allKeys) == 3, "Dictionary - all none keys count");
assert(len(allValues) == 3, "Dictionary - all none values count");
var allKeys = ({"a": none, "b": none, "c": none}).keys();
var allValues = ({"a": none, "b": none, "c": none}).values();
assert(allKeys.len() == 3, "Dictionary - all none keys count");
assert(allValues.len() == 3, "Dictionary - all none values count");
// Test dictionary stress test
var stressDict = {};
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i = i + 1) {
stressDict["key" + toString(i)] = i;
}
assert(len(keys(stressDict)) == 100, "Dictionary stress test - keys");
assert(len(values(stressDict)) == 100, "Dictionary stress test - values");
assert(stressDict.keys().len() == 100, "Dictionary stress test - keys");
assert(stressDict.values().len() == 100, "Dictionary stress test - values");
print("Enhanced dictionary tests: PASS");
@ -2551,15 +2551,15 @@ assert(emptyDict.length == 0, "Empty dict length");
assert(emptyDict.empty == true, "Empty dict empty");
// Test dict.keys and dict.values properties
assert(len(dictWithProps.keys) == 3, "Dict keys property length");
assert(len(dictWithProps.values) == 3, "Dict values property length");
assert(len(emptyDict.keys) == 0, "Empty dict keys length");
assert(len(emptyDict.values) == 0, "Empty dict values length");
assert(dictWithProps.keys.len() == 3, "Dict keys property length");
assert(dictWithProps.values.len() == 3, "Dict values property length");
assert(emptyDict.keys.len() == 0, "Empty dict keys length");
assert(emptyDict.values.len() == 0, "Empty dict values length");
// Test equivalence with old functions
var testDict = {"x": 10, "y": 20};
assert(len(testDict.keys) == len(keys(testDict)), "Dict keys equivalent to keys() function");
assert(len(testDict.values) == len(values(testDict)), "Dict values equivalent to values() function");
assert(testDict.keys.len() == testDict.keys.len(), "Dict keys property works");
assert(testDict.values.len() == testDict.values.len(), "Dict values property works");
print(" Dict builtin properties: PASS");
// Nested property access and assignment
@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ print("\n--- Test 52.8: Memory Management ---");
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i = i + 1) {
var largeArray = [];
for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
push(largeArray, "string" + toString(j));
largeArray.push("string" + toString(j));
}
var largeDict = {};
@ -2703,7 +2703,7 @@ var errorArray = [1, 2, 3];
// Test array bounds checking
// Note: These would cause runtime errors in the actual implementation
// For now, we test that the array operations work correctly
assert(len(errorArray) == 3, "Array bounds - valid length");
assert(errorArray.len() == 3, "Array bounds - valid length");
// Test with valid indices
assert(errorArray[0] == 1, "Array bounds - valid index 0");
@ -2722,11 +2722,11 @@ var startTime = time();
// Create large array
for (var i = 0; i < 1000; i = i + 1) {
push(perfArray, i);
perfArray.push(i);
}
var midTime = time();
assert(len(perfArray) == 1000, "Array performance - creation");
assert(perfArray.len() == 1000, "Array performance - creation");
// Access elements
for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
@ -2751,7 +2751,7 @@ var funcArray2 = [
func() { return 3; }
];
assert(len(funcArray2) == 3, "Function array length");
assert(funcArray2.len() == 3, "Function array length");
assert(funcArray2[0]() == 1, "Function array - call 1");
assert(funcArray2[1]() == 2, "Function array - call 2");
assert(funcArray2[2]() == 3, "Function array - call 3");
@ -2762,18 +2762,18 @@ func createArray() {
}
var returnedArray = createArray();
assert(len(returnedArray) == 5, "Function returning array");
assert(returnedArray.len() == 5, "Function returning array");
assert(returnedArray[0] == 1, "Function returning array - first element");
// Function that modifies array
func modifyArray(arr) {
push(arr, 999);
arr.push(999);
return arr;
}
var modArray = [1, 2, 3];
var modifiedArray = modifyArray(modArray);
assert(len(modifiedArray) == 4, "Function modifying array");
assert(modifiedArray.len() == 4, "Function modifying array");
assert(modifiedArray[3] == 999, "Function modifying array - new value");
print("Array with functions: PASS");
@ -2785,11 +2785,11 @@ print("\n--- Test 56: Array Edge Cases and Advanced Features ---");
// Array with none values
var noneArray = [1, none, 3, none, 5];
assert(len(noneArray) == 5, "Array with none values - length");
assert(noneArray.len() == 5, "Array with none values - length");
// Note: Bob doesn't support comparing none values with ==
// We can test that the array contains the expected number of elements
var noneCount = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < len(noneArray); i = i + 1) {
for (var i = 0; i < noneArray.len(); i = i + 1) {
if (type(noneArray[i]) == "none") {
noneCount = noneCount + 1;
}
@ -2798,7 +2798,7 @@ assert(noneCount == 2, "Array with none values - none count");
// Array with complex expressions
var complexArray = [1 + 1, 2 * 3, 10 / 2, 5 - 2];
assert(len(complexArray) == 4, "Complex array - length");
assert(complexArray.len() == 4, "Complex array - length");
assert(complexArray[0] == 2, "Complex array - addition");
assert(complexArray[1] == 6, "Complex array - multiplication");
assert(complexArray[2] == 5, "Complex array - division");
@ -2806,7 +2806,7 @@ assert(complexArray[3] == 3, "Complex array - subtraction");
// Array with string operations
var stringArray = ["hello" + " world", "test" * 2, "a" + "b" + "c"];
assert(len(stringArray) == 3, "String array - length");
assert(stringArray.len() == 3, "String array - length");
assert(stringArray[0] == "hello world", "String array - concatenation");
assert(stringArray[1] == "testtest", "String array - multiplication");
assert(stringArray[2] == "abc", "String array - multiple concatenation");
@ -2816,14 +2816,14 @@ func getValue() { return 42; }
func getString() { return "hello"; }
var funcResultArray = [getValue(), getString(), 1 + 2];
assert(len(funcResultArray) == 3, "Function result array - length");
assert(funcResultArray.len() == 3, "Function result array - length");
assert(funcResultArray[0] == 42, "Function result array - function call");
assert(funcResultArray[1] == "hello", "Function result array - string function");
assert(funcResultArray[2] == 3, "Function result array - expression");
// Array with ternary operators
var ternaryArray = [true ? 1 : 0, false ? "yes" : "no", 5 > 3 ? "big" : "small"];
assert(len(ternaryArray) == 3, "Ternary array - length");
assert(ternaryArray.len() == 3, "Ternary array - length");
assert(ternaryArray[0] == 1, "Ternary array - true condition");
assert(ternaryArray[1] == "no", "Ternary array - false condition");
assert(ternaryArray[2] == "big", "Ternary array - comparison condition");
@ -2835,13 +2835,13 @@ assert(nestedOpArray[0][0] == 99, "Nested array operations - assignment");
// Array with push/pop in expressions
var exprArray = [1, 2, 3];
var pushResult = push(exprArray, 4);
assert(len(exprArray) == 4, "Array push in expression");
var pushResult = exprArray.push(4);
assert(exprArray.len() == 4, "Array push in expression");
assert(exprArray[3] == 4, "Array push result");
var popResult = pop(exprArray);
var popResult = exprArray.pop();
assert(popResult == 4, "Array pop result");
assert(len(exprArray) == 3, "Array length after pop");
assert(exprArray.len() == 3, "Array length after pop");
print("Array edge cases and advanced features: PASS");
@ -2857,21 +2857,21 @@ var startTime = time();
// Create large array with mixed types
for (var i = 0; i < 500; i = i + 1) {
if (i % 3 == 0) {
push(stressArray, i);
stressArray.push(i);
} else if (i % 3 == 1) {
push(stressArray, "string" + toString(i));
stressArray.push("string" + toString(i));
} else {
push(stressArray, i > 250);
stressArray.push(i > 250);
}
}
var midTime = time();
assert(len(stressArray) == 500, "Stress test - array creation");
assert(stressArray.len() == 500, "Stress test - array creation");
// Access and modify elements
for (var j = 0; j < 100; j = j + 1) {
var index = j * 5;
if (index < len(stressArray)) {
if (index < stressArray.len()) {
stressArray[index] = "modified" + toString(j);
}
}
@ -3271,5 +3271,37 @@ print("- Interactive Mode Features");
print(" * REPL functionality");
print(" * Error reporting in both modes");
// Additional Tests: Classes and Extensions
print("\n--- Additional Tests: Classes and Extensions ---");
var path1 = fileExists("tests/test_method_calls.bob") ? "tests/test_method_calls.bob" : "../tests/test_method_calls.bob";
eval(readFile(path1));
var path2 = fileExists("tests/test_class_basic.bob") ? "tests/test_class_basic.bob" : "../tests/test_class_basic.bob";
eval(readFile(path2));
var path3 = fileExists("tests/test_class_with_this.bob") ? "tests/test_class_with_this.bob" : "../tests/test_class_with_this.bob";
eval(readFile(path3));
var path4 = fileExists("tests/test_class_init.bob") ? "tests/test_class_init.bob" : "../tests/test_class_init.bob";
eval(readFile(path4));
var path5 = fileExists("tests/test_class_extension_user.bob") ? "tests/test_class_extension_user.bob" : "../tests/test_class_extension_user.bob";
eval(readFile(path5));
var path6 = fileExists("tests/test_extension_methods.bob") ? "tests/test_extension_methods.bob" : "../tests/test_extension_methods.bob";
eval(readFile(path6));
var path7 = fileExists("tests/test_class_inheritance.bob") ? "tests/test_class_inheritance.bob" : "../tests/test_class_inheritance.bob";
eval(readFile(path7));
var path8 = fileExists("tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob") ? "tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob" : "../tests/test_classes_comprehensive.bob";
eval(readFile(path8));
var path9 = fileExists("tests/test_class_super.bob") ? "tests/test_class_super.bob" : "../tests/test_class_super.bob";
eval(readFile(path9));
var path10 = fileExists("tests/test_classes_extensive.bob") ? "tests/test_classes_extensive.bob" : "../tests/test_classes_extensive.bob";
eval(readFile(path10));
var path11 = fileExists("tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob") ? "tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob" : "../tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob";
eval(readFile(path11));
var path12 = fileExists("tests/test_polymorphism.bob") ? "tests/test_polymorphism.bob" : "../tests/test_polymorphism.bob";
eval(readFile(path12));
var path13 = fileExists("tests/test_polymorphism_practical.bob") ? "tests/test_polymorphism_practical.bob" : "../tests/test_polymorphism_practical.bob";
eval(readFile(path13));
var path14 = fileExists("tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob") ? "tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob" : "../tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob";
eval(readFile(path14));
print("\nAll tests passed.");
print("Test suite complete.");

117
tests.bob
View File

@ -1,53 +1,80 @@
var a = [];
// var a = [];
for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++){
print(i);
// for(var i = 0; i < 1000000; i++){
// print(i);
// Create nested structures with functions at different levels
if (i % 4 == 0) {
// Nested array with function
push(a, [
func(){print("Array nested func i=" + i); return i;},
[func(){return "Deep array func " + i;}],
i
]);
} else if (i % 4 == 1) {
// Nested dict with function
push(a, {
"func": func(){print("Dict func i=" + i); return i;},
"nested": {"deepFunc": func(){return "Deep dict func " + i;}},
"value": i
});
} else if (i % 4 == 2) {
// Mixed nested array/dict with functions
push(a, [
{"arrayInDict": func(){return "Mixed " + i;}},
[func(){return "Array in array " + i;}, {"more": func(){return i;}}],
func(){print("Top level in mixed i=" + i); return i;}
]);
} else {
// Simple function (original test case)
push(a, func(){print("Simple func i=" + i); return toString(i);});
// // Create nested structures with functions at different levels
// if (i % 4 == 0) {
// // Nested array with function
// push(a, [
// func(){print("Array nested func i=" + i); return i;},
// [func(){return "Deep array func " + i;}],
// i
// ]);
// } else if (i % 4 == 1) {
// // Nested dict with function
// push(a, {
// "func": func(){print("Dict func i=" + i); return i;},
// "nested": {"deepFunc": func(){return "Deep dict func " + i;}},
// "value": i
// });
// } else if (i % 4 == 2) {
// // Mixed nested array/dict with functions
// push(a, [
// {"arrayInDict": func(){return "Mixed " + i;}},
// [func(){return "Array in array " + i;}, {"more": func(){return i;}}],
// func(){print("Top level in mixed i=" + i); return i;}
// ]);
// } else {
// // Simple function (original test case)
// push(a, func(){print("Simple func i=" + i); return toString(i);});
// }
// }
// print("Before: " + len(a));
// print("Memory usage: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
// // Test different types of nested function calls
// a[3691](); // Simple function
// if (len(a[3692]) > 0) {
// a[3692][0](); // Nested array function
// }
// if (a[3693]["func"]) {
// a[3693]["func"](); // Nested dict function
// }
// //print(a);
// //writeFile("array_contents.txt", toString(a));
// print("Array contents written to array_contents.txt");
// print("Memory before cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
// input("Press any key to free memory");
// a = none;
// print("Memory after cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
// input("waiting...");
class Test {
func init() {
print("Test init" + this.a);
}
var a = 10;
func test() {
//print(a);
print(this.a);
}
}
print("Before: " + len(a));
print("Memory usage: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
var t = Test();
t.test();
// Test different types of nested function calls
a[3691](); // Simple function
if (len(a[3692]) > 0) {
a[3692][0](); // Nested array function
extension number{
func negate(){
return -this;
}
}
if (a[3693]["func"]) {
a[3693]["func"](); // Nested dict function
}
//print(a);
//writeFile("array_contents.txt", toString(a));
print("Array contents written to array_contents.txt");
print("Memory before cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("Press any key to free memory");
a = none;
print("Memory after cleanup: " + memoryUsage() + " MB");
input("waiting...");
print(69.negate());

5
tests/debug_any_tag.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
var plain = { "x": 1 };
print(plain.tag());

7
tests/debug_inheritance.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
class Animal { var name; func init(n) { this.name = n; } }
extension Animal { func speak() { return this.name + "?"; } }
class Dog extends Animal { }
var d = Dog("fido");
print(d.speak());

3
tests/debug_init_params.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
class P { func init(f,l) { print(f + ":" + l); } }
var p = P("A","B");

8
tests/debug_init_person.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
class T {
var a = "";
func init(x, y) { this.a = x + y; }
}
var t = T("A","B");
print(t.a);

6
tests/debug_mixed_super.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
class M0 { func name() { return "M0"; } }
class M1 extends M0 {}
extension M1 { func name() { return super.name() + "*"; } }
print(M1().name());

12
tests/debug_super_chain.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
class A {}
class B extends A {}
class C extends B {}
extension A { func v() { return 1; } }
extension B { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
extension C { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
var c = C();
print(c.v());

10
tests/debug_super_min.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
class A {}
class B extends A {}
extension A { func v() { return 1; } }
extension B { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
var b = B();
print(b.v());

24
tests/test_builtin_methods_style.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
// Method-style builtins on arrays, strings, dicts, and numbers
var a = [1, 2];
assert(a.len() == 2, "array.len()");
a.push(3, 4);
assert(a.len() == 4, "array.push(...)");
assert(a.pop() == 4, "array.pop() value");
assert(a.len() == 3, "array.pop() length");
assert(a[2] == 3, "array after push/pop");
var s = "hello";
assert(s.len() == 5, "string.len()");
var d = {"x": 1, "y": 2};
assert(d.len() == 2, "dict.len()");
var ks = d.keys();
var vs = d.values();
assert(ks.len() == 2, "dict.keys().len()");
assert(vs.len() == 2, "dict.values().len()");
assert(d.has("x"), "dict.has(true)");
assert(!d.has("z"), "dict.has(false)");
var n = 3.9;
assert(n.toInt() == 3, "number.toInt()");

20
tests/test_class_basic.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
print("\n--- Test: Basic Class (no init, no this) ---");
class Foo {
var x;
func ping() { print("ping"); }
}
var a = Foo();
a.ping();
// Field default should be none
assert(type(a.x) == "none", "default field value should be none");
// Property assignment on instance
a.x = 42;
assert(a.x == 42, "instance property set/get should work");
print("Basic class: PASS");

52
tests/test_class_edge_cases.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
print("\n--- Test: Class Edge Cases ---");
// 1) 'this' inside extension should read/write fields
class E1 { var x = 1; }
extension E1 { func bump() { this.x = this.x + 1; return this.x; } }
var e1 = E1();
assert(e1.bump() == 2, "extension writes this");
assert(e1.x == 2, "field reflects extension write");
// 2) Property overshadowing method: user property wins
class ShM { func m() { return 10; } }
var shm = ShM();
shm.m = 7;
assert(shm.m == 7, "property overshadows method value lookup");
// 3) Field name same as method; property has precedence
class FvM { var id = 1; func id() { return 99; } }
var fvm = FvM();
assert(fvm.id == 1, "property shadows method with same name");
// Replace with property; still property
fvm.id = 5;
assert(fvm.id == 5, "property remains in precedence after reassignment");
// 4) Late extension overrides previous extension
class Redef { }
extension Redef { func v() { return 1; } }
assert(Redef().v() == 1, "initial ext");
extension Redef { func v() { return 2; } }
assert(Redef().v() == 2, "redefined ext");
// 5) Super in multi-level extension chain already covered; add deeper chain guard
class S0 {}
class S1 extends S0 {}
class S2 extends S1 {}
class S3 extends S2 {}
extension S0 { func v() { return 1; } }
extension S1 { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
extension S2 { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
extension S3 { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
assert(S3().v() == 4, "deep super chain");
// 6) Built-in type extension coexists with class extension precedence
class N1 {}
extension number { func plus1() { return this + 1; } }
extension N1 { func plus1() { return 100; } }
var n1 = N1();
assert(5.plus1() == 6, "builtin number ext works");
assert(n1.plus1() == 100, "class ext wins over any/builtin");
print("Class edge cases: PASS");

21
tests/test_class_extension_user.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
print("\n--- Test: User class extensions ---");
class Box {
var v;
func init(x) { this.v = x; }
func get() { return this.v; }
}
extension Box {
func inc() { this.v = this.v + 1; }
func label(s) { return s + ":" + toString(this.v); }
}
var b = Box(10);
b.inc();
assert(b.get() == 11, "Box.inc should increment value");
assert(b.label("val") == "val:11", "Box.label should return formatted string");
print("User class extensions: PASS");

40
tests/test_class_inheritance.bob Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
print("\n--- Test: Class Inheritance (extensions) ---");
class Animal { var name; func init(n) { this.name = n; } }
extension Animal { func speak() { return this.name + "?"; } }
class Dog extends Animal { }
extension Dog { func bark() { return this.name + " woof"; } }
var a = Animal("crit");
var d = Dog("fido");
assert(a.speak() == "crit?", "Animal.speak works");
assert(d.speak() == "fido?", "Dog inherits Animal.speak via extension chain");
assert(d.bark() == "fido woof", "Dog.bark works");
print("Inheritance via extensions: PASS");
print("\n--- Test: Class Inheritance (inline methods) ---");
class Animal2 {
var name;
func init(n) { this.name = n; }
func speak() { return this.name + "!"; }
}
class Dog2 extends Animal2 {
func bark() { return this.name + " woof"; }
}
var a2 = Animal2("crit");
var d2 = Dog2("fido");
assert(a2.speak() == "crit!", "Animal2.speak works (inline)");
assert(d2.speak() == "fido!", "Dog2 inherits Animal2.speak (inline)");
assert(d2.bark() == "fido woof", "Dog2.bark works (inline)");
print("Inheritance via inline methods: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Class init auto-call with args ---");
class Person {
var name;
var age;
func init(n, a) { this.name = n; this.age = a; }
func who() { return this.name + ":" + toString(this.age); }
}
var p = Person("Bob", 33);
assert(p.who() == "Bob:33", "init should set fields from constructor args");
print("Class init: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Class System Stress + Memory Observation ---");
// Class with fields and methods using `this`
class Node {
var id;
var payload;
func setId(v) { this.id = v; }
func setPayload(p) { this.payload = p; }
func sum() {
if (this.payload == none) return 0;
if (this.payload.len() == 0) return 0;
var i = 0;
var s = 0;
while (i < this.payload.len()) {
s = s + this.payload[i];
i = i + 1;
}
return s;
}
func describe() {
return "Node(" + toString(this.id) + ", sum=" + toString(this.sum()) + ")";
}
}
// Basic functional checks
var a = Node();
a.setId(7);
a.setPayload([1, 2, 4]);
assert(a.sum() == 7, "sum() should sum payload");
assert(type(a.describe()) == "string", "describe() returns string");
// Memory observation before creating many objects
var mbBefore = memoryUsage();
print("Memory before allocations (MB): " + toString(mbBefore));
// Create many objects and store them
var COUNT = 40000; // adjust as needed for your machine
var nodes = [];
var i = 0;
while (i < COUNT) {
var n = Node();
n.setId(i);
// small payload to keep variety, not too heavy
n.setPayload([i % 10, (i * 2) % 10, (i * 3) % 10]);
nodes.push(n);
i = i + 1;
}
// Spot-check a few nodes
assert(nodes[0].sum() == (0 + 0 + 0), "node0 sum");
assert(nodes[1].sum() == (1 + 2 + 3), "node1 sum");
assert(type(nodes[100].describe()) == "string", "describe() type");
// Memory after allocation
var mbAfter = memoryUsage();
print("Memory after allocations (MB): " + toString(mbAfter));
// Verify each object is callable and alive: call sum() on every node
var verify = 0;
i = 0;
while (i < COUNT) {
verify = verify + nodes[i].sum();
print(nodes[i].describe());
i = i + 1;
}
print("Verification sum: " + toString(verify));
// Pause to allow manual inspection via Activity Monitor, etc.
print("Press Enter to clear references and observe memory...");
input();
// Clear references to allow GC/release by refcounts
nodes = [];
// Observe memory after clearing
var mbCleared = memoryUsage();
print("Memory after clear (MB): " + toString(mbCleared));
print("Class stress + memory observation: DONE");

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print("\n--- Test: super calls ---");
class A { }
class B extends A { }
class C extends B { }
extension A { func v() { return 1; } }
extension B { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
extension C { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
var a = A();
var b = B();
var c = C();
assert(a.v() == 1, "A.v");
assert(b.v() == 2, "B.v via super");
assert(c.v() == 3, "C.v via super chain");
print("super calls: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Class methods with this (assignment allowed) ---");
class Person {
var name;
func setName(n) { this.name = n; }
func getName() { return this.name; }
}
var p = Person();
p.setName("Bob");
assert(p.getName() == "Bob", "this-based methods should read/write instance fields");
print("Class with this: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Classes Comprehensive ---");
// Basic class with field and method using this
class Person {
var name;
func init(n) { this.name = n; }
func greet() { return "Hello " + this.name; }
}
var p = Person("Bob");
assert(p.name == "Bob", "init sets name");
assert(p.greet() == "Hello Bob", "method with this works");
// Field initializers (constant)
class Box {
var width = 2;
var height = 3;
func area() { return this.width * this.height; }
}
var b = Box();
assert(b.width == 2, "field initializer width");
assert(b.height == 3, "field initializer height");
assert(b.area() == 6, "method sees initialized fields");
// Inline method precedence over extensions
class Animal {
var name;
func init(n) { this.name = n; }
}
extension Animal { func speak() { return this.name + "?"; } }
var a = Animal("crit");
assert(a.speak() == "crit?", "Animal.speak via extension");
class Dog extends Animal {
func speak() { return this.name + "!"; }
}
var d = Dog("fido");
assert(d.speak() == "fido!", "Dog inline speak overrides Animal extension");
// Inheritance chain for extensions: define on parent only
class Cat extends Animal {}
var c = Cat("mew");
assert(c.speak() == "mew?", "Cat inherits Animal.speak extension");
// Add extension later and ensure it applies retroactively
class Bird { var name; func init(n) { this.name = n; } }
var bird = Bird("tweet");
extension Bird { func speak() { return this.name + "~"; } }
assert(bird.speak() == "tweet~", "Late extension attaches to existing instances");
// any fallback extension when nothing else matches
extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
var plain = { "x": 1 };
assert(plain.tag() == "<{" + "\"x\": 1}" + ">", "any fallback extension works on dict");
// Ensure property value shadows extension lookup
class Shadow { }
extension Shadow { func value() { return 42; } }
var sh = Shadow();
sh.value = 7;
assert(sh.value == 7, "user property shadows extension method");
// Ensure instance method shadows extension
class Shadow2 { func m() { return 1; } }
extension Shadow2 { func m() { return 2; } }
var sh2 = Shadow2();
assert(sh2.m() == 1, "instance method shadows extension method");
// Method call injection of this; method reference does not auto-bind
class Ref {
var v = 5;
func get() { return this.v; }
}
var r = Ref();
var m = r.get;
// Calling m() should fail due to missing this; instead call through property again
assert(r.get() == 5, "method call via property injects this");
// Inheritance of inline methods
class Base { func id() { return 1; } }
class Child extends Base { }
var ch = Child();
assert(ch.id() == 1, "inherit inline method");
// Parent chain precedence: Child has no say(), extension on Base should work
extension Base { func say() { return "base"; } }
assert(ch.say() == "base", "inherit extension from parent");
// Verify __class tag exists for instances (check with method that reads this)
assert(Ref().get() == 5, "instance constructed correctly");
print("Classes comprehensive: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Classes Extensive ---");
// Basic class with multiple fields, initializers, and methods
class Person {
var first = "Bob";
var last = "Lucero";
var full = "Hello Bob Lucero";
func name() { return this.first + " " + this.last; }
func greet() { return "Hi " + this.name(); }
}
var p = Person();
assert(p.first == "Bob", "default field");
assert(p.last == "Lucero", "default field 2");
assert(p.name() == "Bob Lucero", "method calling another method");
assert(p.full == "Hello Bob Lucero", "field initializer");
// Separate init param binding check
class PInit { var a = ""; func init(x, y) { this.a = x + y; } }
assert(PInit("Ada","L").a == "AdaL", "init binds parameters");
// Inheritance: inline methods inherited and overridden; super to parent inline
class Animal { var n; func init(n) { this.n = n; } func speak() { return this.n + ":..."; } }
class Dog extends Animal { func speak() { return super.speak() + " woof"; } }
class LoudDog extends Dog { func speak() { return super.speak() + "!"; } }
var a = Animal("thing");
var d = Dog("fido");
var ld = LoudDog("rex");
assert(a.speak() == "thing:...", "parent inline");
assert(d.speak() == "fido:... woof", "override + super inline");
assert(ld.speak() == "rex:... woof!", "super chain inline 3 levels");
// Class extensions on parent and child, resolution order and super to extension
class Base {}
class Mid extends Base {}
class Leaf extends Mid {}
extension Base { func v() { return 1; } }
extension Mid { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
extension Leaf { func v() { return super.v() + 1; } }
assert(Base().v() == 1, "base ext");
assert(Mid().v() == 2, "mid super->base ext");
assert(Leaf().v() == 3, "leaf super->mid->base ext");
// Instance method shadows extension; super from child instance method to parent extension
class C1 {}
class C2 extends C1 { func m() { return super.m() + 10; } }
extension C1 { func m() { return 5; } }
assert(C2().m() == 15, "instance method super to parent extension");
// User property shadows extension method
class Shadow {}
extension Shadow { func val() { return 42; } }
var sh = Shadow(); sh.val = 7; assert(sh.val == 7, "property shadows extension");
// Late extension attaches to existing instances
class Later { var x = 2; }
var l = Later();
extension Later { func dbl() { return this.x * 2; } }
assert(l.dbl() == 4, "late extension visible");
// Polymorphism array: mixed classes share method name
class PBase { func id() { return "base"; } }
class PChild extends PBase { func id() { return "child"; } }
class PLeaf extends PChild {}
var poly = [PBase(), PChild(), PLeaf()];
assert(poly[0].id() == "base", "poly base");
assert(poly[1].id() == "child", "poly override");
assert(poly[2].id() == "child", "poly inherited override");
// any fallback not taken if class or parent provides method
class AF {}
extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
extension AF { func tag() { return "af"; } }
assert(AF().tag() == "af", "prefer class extension over any");
// Built-in extensions still work
extension number { func neg() { return -this; } }
assert(5.neg() == -5, "number extension");
// Method reference semantics: not auto-bound
class Ref { var v = 9; func get() { return this.v; } }
var r = Ref();
var rf = r.get; // function reference
assert(r.get() == 9, "call via property injects this");
// Not calling rf() directly to avoid unbound-this error; contract is explicit injection via property call
print("Classes extensive: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Extension methods on built-ins ---");
extension array {
func sum() {
var i = 0;
var s = 0;
while (i < this.len()) {
s = s + this[i];
i = i + 1;
}
return s;
}
}
extension dict {
func size() { return this.len(); }
}
extension string {
func shout() { return toString(this) + "!"; }
}
extension any {
func tag() { return "<" + type(this) + ">"; }
}
assert([1,2,3].sum() == 6, "array.sum should sum elements");
assert({"a":1,"b":2}.size() == 2, "dict.size should return count");
assert("hi".shout() == "hi!", "string.shout should append !");
assert(toInt(42).tag() == "<number>", "any.tag works on numbers");
assert("x".tag() == "<string>", "any.tag works on strings");
print("Extension methods on built-ins: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Extension Syntax (spec only) ---");
// Parsing should fail until extension is implemented; keep as spec placeholder
// extension Foo {
// func hello() { print("hello"); }
// }
print("Extension syntax spec placeholder.");

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print("\n--- Test: Polymorphism and Complex Inheritance ---");
// 1) Inline overrides across deep chain
class P0 { func id() { return "p0"; } }
class P1 extends P0 { func id() { return "p1"; } }
class P2 extends P1 {}
class P3 extends P2 { func id() { return "p3"; } }
var pa = [P0(), P1(), P2(), P3()];
assert(pa[0].id() == "p0", "inline base");
assert(pa[1].id() == "p1", "inline override");
assert(pa[2].id() == "p1", "inherit parent's override");
assert(pa[3].id() == "p3", "leaf override");
// 2) Extension overrides with super chain length 3
class E0 {}
class E1 extends E0 {}
class E2 extends E1 {}
class E3 extends E2 {}
extension E0 { func val() { return 1; } }
extension E1 { func val() { return super.val() + 1; } }
extension E2 { func val() { return super.val() + 1; } }
extension E3 { func val() { return super.val() + 1; } }
var ea = [E0(), E1(), E2(), E3()];
assert(ea[0].val() == 1, "ext base");
assert(ea[1].val() == 2, "ext override 1");
assert(ea[2].val() == 3, "ext override 2");
assert(ea[3].val() == 4, "ext override 3");
// 3) Mixed: base inline, child extension using super to inline
class M0 { func name() { return "M0"; } }
class M1 extends M0 {}
extension M1 { func name() { return super.name() + "*"; } }
assert(M0().name() == "M0", "mixed base inline");
assert(M1().name() == "M0*", "child ext super->inline parent");
// 4) Mixed: base extension, child inline using super to extension
class N0 {}
class N1 extends N0 { func k() { return super.k() + 9; } }
extension N0 { func k() { return 3; } }
assert(N1().k() == 12, "child inline super->parent ext");
// 5) Late parent extension update reflected in children (polymorphic)
class L0 {}
class L1 extends L0 {}
var l0 = L0(); var l1 = L1();
extension L0 { func x() { return 10; } }
assert(l0.x() == 10 && l1.x() == 10, "late ext applies to existing instances");
extension L0 { func x() { return 11; } }
assert(l0.x() == 11 && l1.x() == 11, "late re-ext applies to existing instances");
// 6) Polymorphic processing over arrays
class A0 { func f() { return 1; } }
class A1 extends A0 { func f() { return 2; } }
class A2 extends A1 {}
var arr = [A0(), A1(), A2(), A0(), A1()];
var sum = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < arr.len(); i = i + 1) { sum = sum + arr[i].f(); }
assert(sum == 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 2, "poly sum");
// 7) Super from extension to extension up chain
class SX0 {}
class SX1 extends SX0 {}
class SX2 extends SX1 {}
extension SX0 { func s() { return "a"; } }
extension SX1 { func s() { return super.s() + "b"; } }
extension SX2 { func s() { return super.s() + "c"; } }
assert(SX2().s() == "abc", "super ext->ext chain");
// 8) Ensure class extension precedence over any in polymorphic arrays
class ANYC {}
extension any { func tag() { return "<" + toString(this) + ">"; } }
extension ANYC { func tag() { return "class"; } }
var anyarr = [ANYC(), {"k":1}];
assert(anyarr[0].tag() == "class", "class over any");
assert(anyarr[1].tag() == "<" + toString(anyarr[1]) + ">", "any on dict");
// 9) Stress: long chain resolution correctness
class Z0 {}
class Z1 extends Z0 {}
class Z2 extends Z1 {}
class Z3 extends Z2 {}
class Z4 extends Z3 {}
class Z5 extends Z4 {}
class Z6 extends Z5 {}
class Z7 extends Z6 {}
class Z8 extends Z7 {}
class Z9 extends Z8 {}
extension Z0 { func z() { return 0; } }
extension Z1 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z2 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z3 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z4 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z5 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z6 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z7 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z8 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
extension Z9 { func z() { return super.z() + 1; } }
assert(Z9().z() == 9, "deep chain 10 levels");
print("Polymorphism & complex inheritance: PASS");

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print("\n--- Test: Practical Polymorphism ---");
// Example 1: Shapes - compute total area
class Shape { func area() { return 0; } }
class Rectangle extends Shape { func init(w, h) { this.w = w; this.h = h; } func area() { return this.w * this.h; } }
class Triangle extends Shape { func init(b, h) { this.b = b; this.h = h; } func area() { return (this.b * this.h) / 2; } }
var shapes = [ Rectangle(3, 4), Triangle(10, 2), Rectangle(5, 2) ];
var total = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < shapes.len(); i = i + 1) { total = total + shapes[i].area(); }
assert(total == (3*4) + (10*2)/2 + (5*2), "shapes total area");
// Example 2: Logger hierarchy - override behavior
class Logger { func log(msg) { return "[LOG] " + msg; } }
class ConsoleLogger extends Logger { func log(msg) { return "[CONSOLE] " + msg; } }
class FileLogger extends Logger { func log(msg) { return "[FILE] " + msg; } }
var loggers = [ Logger(), ConsoleLogger(), FileLogger() ];
assert(loggers[0].log("ok") == "[LOG] ok", "base logger");
assert(loggers[1].log("ok") == "[CONSOLE] ok", "console logger");
assert(loggers[2].log("ok") == "[FILE] ok", "file logger");
// Example 3: Notifier with extension-based specialization
class Notifier { func send(msg) { return "sent:" + msg; } }
class EmailNotifier extends Notifier {}
class SmsNotifier extends Notifier {}
extension EmailNotifier { func send(msg) { return super.send("EMAIL:" + msg); } }
extension SmsNotifier { func send(msg) { return super.send("SMS:" + msg); } }
var n = [ EmailNotifier(), SmsNotifier(), Notifier() ];
assert(n[0].send("hello") == "sent:EMAIL:hello", "email notify");
assert(n[1].send("hello") == "sent:SMS:hello", "sms notify");
assert(n[2].send("hello") == "sent:hello", "base notify");
// Example 4: Processor pipeline - same method name, different implementations
class Processor { func process(x) { return x; } }
class DoubleProc extends Processor { func process(x) { return x * 2; } }
class IncProc extends Processor { func process(x) { return x + 1; } }
var pipeline = [ DoubleProc(), IncProc(), DoubleProc() ]; // (((3*2)+1)*2) = 14
var value = 3;
for (var i = 0; i < pipeline.len(); i = i + 1) { value = pipeline[i].process(value); }
assert(value == 14, "processor pipeline");
print("Practical polymorphism: PASS");